MEDICINE, SURGERY, DENTISTRY, DISEASES, ETC.

PHYSICIANS and surgeons are needed wherever human beings sojourn, and accordingly the settlement of this county was no sooner begun than doctors appeared. The first at Appleton was Dr. S. E. Beach, who arrived in 1849. For several months he was the only one, and then came Doctors Maake, Murray, Merriman, Williamson, Mosher, Mayer and others. Byron Douglas was the first dentist. Dr. N. J. Howard was the second "surgeon dentist"; also a physician in 1853. As early as January, 1850, the Brown County Medical Society was in existence. Beach and Mosher were the leading physicians and almost the only ones at Appleton on 1853. This year the Wisconsin Medical Society was organized at Janesville.

"Cholera Among the Oneidas. -- We have heard of eight deaths out of over fifty cases of disease resembling cholera.. Among the dead is M. Brade, eldest son of Chief Brade." -- (Crescent, August, 1854.)

Cholera appeared in this county in July, 1854. By August 5 there were seventeen deaths from that disease at Little Chute. Nearly all afflicted were persons of foreign birth and fearly all newcomers. A panic spread to the workmen on the river improvement and to the residents of the village, and many fled to escape the danger.

Notwithstanding the intense heat and the prevailing sickness in neighboring towns, not a single case of cholera or severe attack of any other disease appeared at Appleton during the summer of 1854. There was not a single death in Grand Chute township for several months during the summer. Fever and ague were the only annoyances. Thus Appleton was declared to be one of the healthiest cities in the west.

The attention of the people of Appleton was called to the card of Dr. Mayer, a homeopath, who had lately located in Appleton for the practice of his profession. He was a German, a graduate of Leipsic University, and had lately arrived from the old country; he announced himself a practitioner of medicine, surgery and obstetrics.

In 1857 the leading physicians at Appleton were S. E. Beach, H. R. Merriman; physicians and surgeons, M. Mayer, a homeopathic physican from Germany, and I. A. Torrey; the latter had his principal office at Neenah.

In 1858 Dr. L. M. Tracy was president of the Homeopathic Association of Wisconsin; T. J. Patchin was corresponding secretary. W. M. Williamson, M. D., was the homeopathic physician in Appleton at this date. Dr. Byron Douglas was a prominent practitioner at Appleton in 1858. He practiced dentistry as well as medicine and surgery. His office was over Theodore Conkey's store. He announced that particular attention would be paid to the insertion of pivot or gold plate. Dr. H. R. Merriman, physician and surgeon, had an office one door west of the Crescent Hotel.

Late in 1858 the leading doctors at Appleton were H. R. Merriman, W. M. Williamson and Byron Douglas; the latter was the principal dentist.

W. M. Williamson, M. D., a homeopathic physician, practiced in this city in 1859 and 1860. He pronounced Appleton too healthy to make a residence here profitable and accordingly removed to Florida.

Among the physicians at Appleton, April, 1862, were Thompson & Fuller, Dr. Earle Ostrander, J. Sutherland, G. R.. Shaw and others.

In July, 1863, diphtheria raged fatally in the town of Ellington. Many children and even adults died in spite of physicians and good care.

It was noted in May, 1864, that there never was so much sickness in the river valley as at this time. The mortality among children was enormous. Diphtheria and various lung complaints were the diseases. The cause was not known unless it was due to the unexampled severity of the previous winter or the drouth of the summer.

In May, 1864, several cases of smallpox appeared in the eastern part of Appleton, and the authorities immediately took steps to prevent its spread. The cases upon examination proved to be of a mild type, and the physicians became involved in a newspaper controversy over whether it was smallpox or chickenpox.

It having been disputed whether the sickness in Appleton was smallpox or not, Dr. M. F. Page was asked to make an examination and a report. He described fully the symptoms of measles, chickenpox, smallpox, scarletina, etc., in an official bulletin which was printed and circulated. This doctor criticized severely the physician who had pronounced several cases smallpox, and declared that one physician diagnosed a case at a distance and pronounced it smallpox when it was nothing but prairie itch.

Dr. J. Sutherland of Appleton in June, 1864, wrote an article entitled "Quackery" in the newspapers, in which he explained the difference between a duly licensed physician and a quack. He insinuated that several of the latter were endeavoring to gain a foothold in this county. He said: "Let a man say that he came from some large city, let him rent a house in a respectable street, put on the door in large gold letters 'Physician and Surgeon,' furnish himself with a case of medicine bottles, buy a horse and buckboard, dress himself invariably in black, drive like Jehu up and down the streets telling everybody who will listen that he has an immense number of patients; let him tell of extraordinary cures he has made, making of the slightest colds and sore throats cases of typhoid and diphtheria; let him do all this and you may set it down that he knows nothing or less than nothing about the properties of medicine or the character of disease."

In July, 1864, Dr. M. Page again came out with a circular concerning facts and figures to enable people to distinguish between chickenpox, smallpox and other diseases. As a matter of fact there was a decided difference of opinion between the physicians themselves at Appleton concerning the nature of smallpox. Several declared that a person broken out with the disease could pass through the streets and come in contact with people without any danger of spreading the affection. Others denounced this statement in strong terms.

In October, 1864, Dr. H. R. Merriman, long a physician of Appleton and an esteemed citizen, died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was assistant surgeon of the Fourteenth New York Cavalry and became very expert. He was attacked with consumptive chills.

In the fall of 1865 Dr. M. J. E. Hulburt located in Appleton for the practice of medicine and surgery. He advertised particularly to treat chronic affections and diseases of women and children. He issued a separate card for surgery, stating that he possessed a full outfit of instruments, and gave excellent references to prominent people and hospitals where he had previously practiced. He was a member of the Eclectic School of Medicine. Doctors Fuller and Reeve were physicians and surgeons with a large practice; the same of Sutherland and Graham.

By March, 1866, the physicians of Outagamie county had not yet organized a society, but several of them already were members of the Winnebago County Medical Society and attended its meetings regularly.

In March, 1866, Dr. Hulburt of Appleton removed a malignant tumor from a lady living in the town of Grand Chute. The operation, though of a delicate nature, was successfully performed.

In June, 1866, Dr. Hulburt removed a tumor from a young lady of Monroe county, the operation being entirely successful. It was an arterial growth and therefore the operation was very delicate.

The newspapers in 1866 declared that Appleton was one of the most healthful locations in the state. Only one adult person died here during the summer of 1866. There were no severe winds to produce lung troubles, chills or consumption; nor stagnant swamps or morasses to create dysentery or malarial fevers. It was demanded by the newspapers that it was time to institute a record of mortality in Appleton and to have monthly reports thereafter.

Dr. S. G. Fuller was re-appointed city physician and health officer by the Appleton council for the year 1866-7. It was stated he richly deserved the continuance owing to the improved health conditions which he had been the means of instituting.

In March, 1867, Dr. Boardman, a practitioner of Homeopathy, located in Appleton and offered his professional services to the city and county.

In February, 1868, Dr. M. J. E. Hulburt left Appleton permanently and located in Aurora, Illinois. He had built up an excellent practice while here and was still doing well; but for reasons unknown departed.

In the spring of 1868 Dr. E. M. Stansbury was city physician. He was paid a regular salary for his services. Dr. M. F. Page presented a proposition for the position of city physician at $125 per year, the council having previously agreed to pay Dr. Stansbury $150. Additional action was taken by the council and the pay of city physician was fixed at $200 per year. His duties were declared to be those of city physician, health officer and surgeon. The council balloted on who should be this official. On the final vote Dr. Stansbury received 1, Dr. Graham 1, and Dr. Reeve 4. The latter was declared duly elected to that office.

In 1868 Dr. Brunschly located in Appleton for the practice of medicine. He had served as surgeon in the Twelfth Michigan Infantry and had practiced medicine in the Lake Superior region for many years. He came highly recommended. Other doctors here at that time were Page, Sutherland, Reeve, Graham and Stansbury.

The Homeopathic Medical Society of Wisconsin was incorporated in 1868 by Henry Pease, T. J. Patchin, J. S. Douglas, L. E. Ober, M. F. Page, H. L. Bradley, P. Moore, A. B. Nichols, H. B. Dale and H. L. Hart. Pease became president; J. S. Douglas vice-president; H. B. Dale secretary, and T. J. Patchin treasurer.

In the spring of 1869 there were a few cases of smallpox in Hortonia, but the physicians soon managed to check it and in the end prevent its spreading.

George Parker, a dentist, came to Appleton from Oshkosh in 1869, opened an office and advertised assistance for those needing his services.

In the spring of 1870 Dr. E. Stansbury was elected city physician and his salary was fixed at $200 per year.

"Appleton has a corner on medicine. On the northwest corner of Lawrence and Allen streets Dr. Stansbury will doubtless soon take up his residence; on the eastern opposite corner Dr. Page will soon be found. Directly north across the street is Dr. J. T. Reeve. West of Dr. Reeve, across Oneida street, is Dr. Graham, also T. J. Ward's drug store."-(Crescent, July 26, 1873.)

Emory Stansbury was city physician in 1870. The famous Chicago surgeon, John B. Murphy, was formerly an Appleton boy; he came here occasionally to attend the local medical and surgical sessions.

The Northwestern Surgical Institute was established at Appleton in 1875 by Dr. Heineman and others. It was intended for the treatment of chronic and complicated diseases.

Doctor Mueller was city physician in 1875; his salary was $200 per year. Dr. Graham suicided in 1876; be had formed bad habits, could not quit them, and hence ended all in death. Dr. W. H. Chilson of Appleton was president of the State Dental Society in 1878.

The physicans of the county met at the office of Dr. J. T. Reeve, May 12, 1877, for the purpose of organizing a medical society. Dr. Reeve was called to the chair and Dr. Hardacker appointed secretary. After an interchange of views on the subjects it was resolved to organize such a society, to be known as the Outagamie County Medical Society, whereupon a permanent organization was effected, and the following officers were elected: Emory Stansbury, president; J. T. Reeve, vice-president; H. J. Hardacker (of Hortonville), secretary; A. H. Levings, corresponding secretary; Dr. Heiddesson treasurer, and Reilly, Levings and Ford censors. The latter then were chosen to draft a constitution and by-laws to be presented for adoption at the next meeting to be held at Appleton, May 22. At this time Dr. J. T. Reeve was secretary and treasurer of the State Medical Society.

Dr. M. C. Enright permanently located here in 1880; he made a specialty of acute and chronic diseases. Dr. Ed M. Kanouse also located here about the same date.

Dr. A. H. Levings and Dr. J. R. Reilly performed excellent surgical operations about this time; they removed a tumor from a lady on one occasion, the operation being both delicate and dangerous. In 1882 the Northwestern Surgical Institute was established at Drew and Edwards streets by Dr. Miller, who became manager. He really began in 1875, and made a specialty of chronic diseases. Dr. Smith became associated with him.

A temporary organization for the Appleton City Hospital, later Prescott Hospital, was effected in May, 1884, by the election of the following officers: A. H. Levings, president; J. M Reilly, vice-president; T. T. Beveridge, secretary; Levings, Reilly, Beveridge, Mrs. Edward West and Mrs. James McGillan, directors: Mrs. G. H. Richmond, Mrs. Edward West, Mrs. C. Dunkersley, Mrs. G. T. Moeskes and Miss Angie Smith, financial committee; Mrs. McGillan, Mrs. H. Richmond, Mrs.West, Miss Angie Smith and Mrs. Moeskes, visiting and supply committee. The association secured rooms over Leonhardt's store. Mrs. Maynard, who had extensive experience as a nurse, was engaged to take charge of the hospital.

Smallpox appeared in Black Creek in 1884. Dr. Reeve, who was secretary of the state board of health, was called on the cases; seven families were quarantined. Previous to August 28, seven persons were afflicted, of whom four died. A German family just from the old country brought it there. The greatest obstacle to stamping it out was its concealment by those having it. All meetings there were forbidden and the afflicted were isolated. Dr. Ostrander there attended the cases.

The officers of Prescott Hospital in 1885 were as follows: A. H. Levings, president; J. R. Reilly, vice-president; T. T. Beveride, secretary; Mrs. Edward West, treasurer. The highest number under treatment at any one time was 8; average stay, 34 days; anaesthetics were administered 29 times; 21 operations were performed upon 18 patients; 16 were cured, one improved and one died; the receipts since the organization were $1,312.25, and expenses $1,308.21; assets, $118.04; liabilities, $247.20. This report was up to September 14, 1885.

The Fox River Medical Society was organized at Green Bay in September, 1886, and the following first officers were elected: Dr. Russell, president; Dr. Allen, first vice-president; Dr. Crane, second vice-president; Dr: Beveridge, secretary and treasurer; and Doctors Allen, Lewis, Levings, Steel and Brett, censors. Doctors Stansbury, Brett and Crane were appointed committee on constitution and bylaws.

Dr. Douglas of Appleton was treasurer of the State Dental Society in 1886-7. The Fox River Medical Society met in Appleton in October, 1887. Dr. A. H. Levings contributed a paper on "Strumous Inflammation of the Joints." H. D. Hardaker, physician and surgeon, was located at Hortonville in 1887 and before. Silas N. Buck, dentist, was at Appleton. Dr. G. L. Loope was located at Black Creek.

In May, the State Medical Society in a body visited the Northern Hospital and were cordially received and shown around by Dr. Wigginton, the physician in charge. Dr. Beveridge reported a case of smallpox on Spencer road, near the poorhouse. The patient was a girl who worked in the paper mills. Precautions were taken to prevent its spread.

The regular meeting of the Fox River Valley Medical Society in 1887 was held at Neenah. Dr. Levings read a paper on "Inflammation of the Joints." The following were the physicians and surgeons in Appleton in 1887-8: T. T. Beveridge, H. E. Ellsworth, William Hambroer, A. W. Kanouse, A. H. Levings, Charles A. Mahveke, J. T. Reeve, John R. Reilly, E. Stansbury, C. W. Stoelting, Ferdinand Wilke, Rush Winslow. J.P. Mertes was dentist in 1887.

Doctors Tanner of Kaukauna and Beveridge of Appleton attended the meeting of the Fox River Valley Medical Society at Green Bay in January, 1888. Beveridge was secretary, and Reeve and Tanner were censors.

In 1889 there were several hundred cases of diphtheria in this county and all the doctors were very busy. In February, 1890, Dr. J. T. Reeve was re-elected secretary of the state board of health. The State Dental Society met here this year. At Prescott Hospital this year Doctors Reilly, Levings, Beveridge and Conkey removed successfully an ovarian tumor weighing thirty pounds from a lady residing in Waupaca county. Scarlet fever and diphtheria were again epidemic in 1892-3. Prescott Hospital reported for the fiscal year 1892-3, receipts, $1,889.24; disbursements, $1,625.87. One year before it was in debt $400. The greatest number of patients at one time was nine. Dr. Comerford performed many difficult surgical operations about this time. In 1894 scarlet fever and diphtheria raged in different parts of the county and several cases of smallpox appeared at Hortonville.

In 1893-4 the board of health gave orders to have all children attending the public schools vaccinated. Smallpox was threatened, and this step was ordered by the state board.

Diphtheria was so prevalent in 1894-5 that several of the schools at Appleton were closed temporarily by the board of health. Several cases of smallpox appeared in January, and vaccinations parties appeared but were not popular. Dr. Ellsworth was health officer at this date; he instituted many reforms looking to better health. Dr. J. R. Reilly died in May, 1897; he came here in 1877, and was prominent in his profession.

A new law in 1897 required the county clerk to keep a record of the names of all physicians practicing in the county; this requirement was pursuant to an order of the state board of medical examiners.

At the meeting of the Fox River Valley Medical Society at Kaukauna in April, 1894, a fee bill was adopted and a paper on pneumonia was read by Dr. Comerford.

Dr. Herbert B. Tanner was a graduate of the Medical College of Indiana in 1878; he located at Kaukauna in 1880 and became prominent in his profession and otherwise.

In February, 1899, smallpox again made its appearance in Appleton. It was here six years before. Health Officer H. E. Ellsworth took charge of the cases.

Dr. Emory Stansbury died early in April, 1899; in his long illness Doctors Reeve and Ritchie were his physicians. He came to Appleton in 1868, was a graduate of Long Island Medical College and was a Mason and a Methodist.

Both smallpox and chickenpox prevailed here in January, 1901. It was at this date that Dr. M. J. Rodermund declared that smallpox was not contagious, smeared himself with the virus and passed through the crowded streets here, at Milwaukee, probably at Chicago and many other places, according to the alarming and frantic reports. At this time there were seven smallpox cases in one family at Little Chute; they were attended by Doctors Beveridge, Kanouse and Boyd of Kaukauna. Several cases appeared at Appleton.

In October, 1900, there were nearly thirty cases of typhoid fever in Appleton. Considerable alarm was manifested. There were a few cases of scarlet fever and malarial fever.

Doctors Ellsworth, Winslow and Mills announced late in January, 1902, that an epidemic of smallpox was then in progress in the city; seventy-five cases had been reported within three months; no doubt there were others which were kept concealed. The question of quarantine arose. The doctors recommended re-vaccination of everybody not recently vaccinated, and what amounted to quarantine. The doctors who signed the bulletin were Rush Winslow, J. T. Reeve, Robert Leith, Henry W. Abraham, James S. Reeve, H. E. Ellsworth, V. F. Marshal, S. S. Willis, N. P. Mills, F. W. Jones, A. M. Freund, G. A. Ritchie, A. W. Kanouse, F. H. Kreiss and T. T. Beveridge.

In the spring of 1902 trouble between Dr. Harlan A. Trask, owner of an X-ray machine, and the St. Elizabeth Hospital corps of physicians arose over professional etiquette. In June smallpox existed in the town of Greenville and was spreading owing to the lack of quarantine rules. There were still cases in Appleton and other portions of the county. Dr. Harry K. Pratt succeeded Dr. J. W. Crawford, dentist, in September, 1902, at Appleton.

At a meeting held at the offices of Doctors Sanborn and Brooks in February, 1903, the Appleton medical club was organized, with J. V. Canavan president; G. A. Ritchie, vice-president; J. R. Scott, secretary and treasurer. Meetings were planned for every other month at the hotels. The charter members were: J. V. Canavan, G. A. Ritchie, J. T. Reeve, Robert Leith, H. W. Abraham, J. S.Reeve, Elizabeth Boyer, N. P. Mills, A. M. Freund, F. W. Jones, E. A. Morse, E. H. Brooks, A. W. Kanouse, M. J. Sandborn and J. R. Scott. The object was the cultivation of sociability among its members; mutual improvement in the science and art of medicine and surgery; the maintenance of a high moral and ethical tone in all professional relations, and mutual aid in avoiding bad accounts by undeserving persons.

There were several cases of smallpox in Cicero in March, 1903; Dr. James Hittner of Seymour attended them. By the middle of April Appleton was declared free of smallpox; an isolation hospital had assisted to stamp it out. Dr. Rush Winslow died in 1903; he was prominent professionally and otherwise.

In March, 1904, about thirty dentists of Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Appleton, Kaukauna, Depere and Green Bay met at the Sherman House to organize the Fox River Valley Dental Society. The following were the first officers: W. H. Chilson, president; J. W. Madden, vice-president; Dr. Hartings, secretary; F. R. Houston, treasurer. Byron Douglas of Appleton was elected honorary president. Several committees were appointed and future meetings were arranged.

Early in 1905 Appleton physicians adopted a new fee bill as follows: Ordinary day visits $1.50; night visits $2; country work same and 75 cents a mile; ordinary confinement $15; complicated confinement minimum, $20; assisting midwife minimum $15; office consultation minimum 50 cents. This bill was signed by the following physicians: H. W. Abraham, Elizabeth D. Bayer, T. T. Beveridge, J. V. Canavan, E. W. Cooney, William Comerford, Jr., H. E. Ellsworth, A. M. Freund, G. M. Henbest, W. O. Kenyon, A. W. Kanouse, F. H. Kreiss, Robert Leith, N. P. Mills, E. H. Ostrander, G. A Ritchie, C. E. Ryan, J. T. Reeve, James S. Reeve, H. Schaper and M. J. Sandborn.

Dr. Henry Lummis died suddenly in April, 1905; he had resided here and practiced for nineteen years. At this time the county board abolished the office of county physician and also refused the $500 voted for the hospital. Doctor William Comerford died July, 1905; he had practiced here for eighteen years. Dr. A. M. Freund planned a private hospital at this time. Smallpox appeared at Seymour in December; schools and churches were closed to assist in preventing its spread. Dr. James T. Reeve died in November, 1906; he had practiced here since the close of the Civil War. He was very prominent in his profession; was secretary of the state board of health and a useful citizen. Dr. T. T. Beveridge died in April, 1906; he assisted in establishing St. Elizabeth hospital and was an excellent physician. Dr. C. H. Ellsworth was county physician in 1906 at a salary of $350 per year. In 1906-7 measles were prevalent at Black Creek and other portions of the county.

At the annual meeting of the Outagamie county, Medical Society in March, 1907, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: W. N. Nolan, president; H. W. Abrahams, vice-president; M. J. Sandborn, secretary and treasurer; delegate, Dr. Shepard. It was decided to hold bi-monthly instead of quarterly meetings. About thirty-five physicians were in attendance.

Dr. F. H. Kreiss died suddenly in September. Dr. Perie Comerford died in March, 1907; he was born, reared and educated in Appleton; he practiced at Black Creek. Dr. W. 0. Kenyon died in January, 1908; he had practiced here twenty-three years.

On March 3, 1908, the annual meeting of the County Medical Society was held at the Elk's club roooms. "The Value of the Medical Society" was the subject considered in the essay of Dr. Edward W. Quick. Dr. Byron Douglas died in March, 1908; he was the first dentist in Appleton, locating here in 1852. He was prominent in all general movements tending to benefit and advance the interests of the community and his character was above reproach.

In 1909 large numbers of tuberculosis stamps were sold in this county. Dr. J. V. Canavan was county physician this year at a salary of $350.

The annual convention of the Wisconsin State Osteopathic Association held a two days' session here in February, 1910; the visitors were entertained in a banquet at the Sherman House. The Fox River Valley Dental Association met at Oshkosh, March 8, 1910. Almost every dentist of this city attended. Dr. W. L. Conkey had a paper on "Retrospection and Conservatism." Drs. E. W. Douglas and Q. J. Herrick, table clinic, "Dental Curios;" Dr. W. E. O'Keefe, table clinic, "Extension of a Bridge When in the Mouth;" Dr. R. I. Cole, table clinic, "Lower Anterior Bridge Attachment."

At the annual meeting of the county medical society held in Stephenson hall, March 1, 1910, the following officers were elected: M. J. Sandborn, president; J. V. Canavan, vice-president; F. P. Dohearty, secretary and treasurer; G. A. Ritchie, censor. Addresses were delivered by Dr. Thomas H. Hay of Stevens Point and Dr. Charles Mix of Northwestern University. About thirty physicians enjoyed the banquet at the Sherman House in the evening.

In February, 1911, Dr. H. W. Abraham was elected president of the Fox River Valley Medical Society. In June of this year the county board considered the advisability of owning and conducting a sanitarium for consumptives, but postponed to a future date definite action thereon.

An interesting session of the county medical society was held early in March, 1911. A clinic at St. Elizabeth hospital was conducted by Dr. W. E. Schroeder of Northwestern Medical College and Professor Ravenell of the medical department of Wisconsin University spoke on communicative disease. The annual banquet was held at Hotel Ritger. The following officers were elected: V. F. Marshall, president; J. J. Laird, vice-president; E. P. Dohearty, secretary- treasurer; C. G. Maes, censor.

The Appleton physicians of 1910 were as follows: H. W. Abraham, Elizabeth D. Bayer, E. H. Brooks, James V. Canavan, E. W. Cooney, Eliza M. Culbertson (Osteopathic), H. E. Ellsworth, A. M. Freund, W. J. Garbutt, G. M. Henbest, H. T. Johnson (Osteopathic), A. W. Kanouse, Marshall & Quick, N. P. Mills, Joseph P. Morneau, office Appleton Junction; Edwin A. Morse, D. J. O'Connor, Albert E. Rector, J. S. Reeve, Chas. Reineck, George A. Ritchie, Clement E. Ryan, M. J. Sandborn, H. Schaper, J. R. Scott, M. D. Wentworth.

COUNTY AFFAIRS AND MISCELLANY 1880-1911.

THE special committee on new courthouse reported in March, 1880, that such a building was needed and ought to be built, and that part of the money for that purpose should be raised at once by taxation covering several years, and the balance be raised by issuing county bonds running for a term of years and payable in installments and that a committee having the construction of such a building in charge should be appointed. It was resolved that the petition of certain persons to detach purely farm lands from Appleton and join them to the adjacent towns was just and the members of the legislature were asked to secure the passage of a law making such alterations. Safes for the offices of register of deeds and county clerk were ordered purchased.

The act of March 5, 1880, authorized the commissioners of public lands to loan a portion of the trust funds of the state, not exceeding $30,000, to Outagamie county, to enable it to construct a courthouse; and the county was authorized to borrow that sum of the commissioners and to issue certificates of the indebtedness so contracted.

The county fair of 1880 was a success, the attendance on the best day exceeding 2,000. There were about 800 entries. Prof. Joseph Gomes ascended in his balloon over 2,000 feet. This was the first ascension ever shown in the county. There was fast trotting by Oxford, Little Mac and William G.

In January, 1880, a resolution introduced in the county board to build a new courthouse at a cost not to exceed $30,000 was duly considered. An immense farmer's convention early in 1880 considered many important subjects of great interest to agriculture. A Farmers' Industrial Association was the outgrowth of this convention; it met regularly thereafter. Several previous county treasurers had not been fully settled with, but in 1880 their accounts were investigated and several were found behind considerable sums and were required to make up the deficiencies.

The courthouse committee in June, 1880, recommended the early construction of a courthouse to cost not to exceed $40,000. They had visited other cities and had estimates of buildings ranging from $27,000 to $40,000. They finally advised the completion of the building by September, 1882, that the price should not exceed $40,000 and that a building committee having the whole matter in charge should be appointed, and to raise the means by taxation and bonds. These results were not reached until after a long and arduous struggle in the council. The contract was given to D. Stephens for $36,750. The building was constructed in 1881-2.

At the laying of the corner stone of the courthouse late in June, 1881, there was a large crowd in attendance many being strangers. The ceremonies were conducted by the officers of the Grand Lodge of Masons. The procession formed at Appleton street and College 452 avenue and headed by the Crescent City Band marched to the courthouse site. The stone was duly laid according to the Masonic ritual. Hon. J. P. C. Cottrill, P.G.M., delivered an appropriate address. O. E. Clark addressed the audience on behalf of the county board.

The population of the county in 1880 was 28,716; in 1870 it was 18,440. At a big plowing match near Stephensville in June, 1881, the first prize was taken by Ira Scott, second, Fred Torry and third J. M. Zart. In a dispute between the county and city over the assessment of the latter, $650 was accepted by the city to settle the difference. Col. William Johnston died this year; his son, John F., was the first settler of Appleton. The county fair of 1881 was not up to standard; it rained nearly the whole time. Telephone lines were established this year. Captain Young's cheese factory was near his trout ponds in Dale. Late in the seventies the Outagamie Cane Growers' Association was organized and met regularly.

For the year ending September 30, 1881, the following outdoor poor relief was furnished in this county:

The county fair of 1882 was held in a beautiful grove near Hortonville and continued to be held there in subsequent years.

The people of that community deserve the greatest credit for successful fairs held thereafter, year after year, after Appleton had practically abandoned the field.

In 1881 the acreage of sorghum in Outagamie county was 65 and the syrup produced was 10,400 gallons. In 1882 140 acres were grown and 14,500 gallons of syrup were produced. Mr. Perrot reported these statistics to the government from information furnished him by W. A. Scott.

In Louis Perrot's report to the government of his cheese making for 1882 the following information is gleaned: Factory opened May 15, and closed October 30; average number of cows, 100; pounds of milk, 304,390; pounds of cheese made 31,217; value of cheese $3,121,70. He made 550 pounds of butter from his own dairy, before his factory was opened; amount of milk to each pound of cheese, 9:75.

In November, 1882, the county board appropriated $600 to assist Maine in building a bridge on Wolf river, and appropriated $800 to assist Kaukauna and Buchanan in building bridges at Little Chute and Kaukauna.

In 1882 Appleton was the center of a large and rapidly increasing wool trade. The county fair receipts in 1882 were $1,135.17 and the expenses the same less than $23.80 on hand. This year Frank Wolcott and Fred Glied made in Grand Chute 1,950 gallons of amber cane syrup for forty-three farmers in sixteen days. The old county building, fence, safe, etc., were sold for $436.

Early in May, 1882, when the new courthouse was occupied, the county board ordered it illuminated and the public were invited in to inspect the interior of the structure. A meeting held in the courtroom was called to order by A. H. Conkey. The Germania band furnished music. Mr. Conkey then on behalf of the county board welcomed the citizens to their courthouse. He was followed with speeches from Judge Sam. Ryan, Judge G. H. Myers, Judge J. E. Harriman, William Kennedy, B. T. Rogers, G. T. Moeskes, H. D. Ryan, Hon. W. S. Warner, Hon. George Kreiss, John Goodland, Joseph Rork, A. J. Reid, Hon. T. D. Kanouse and G. Ullman. The speeches of Judge Myers and H. D. Ryan were particularly fine, appropriate and eloquent.

In May, 1882, the board received a petition to detach a portion of Maple Creek town and attach the same to Liberty. It appeared that the courthouse contractor, D. Stephens, lost $5,516.02 on the contract. This was caused by a sudden advance in the price of materials and labor. In view of all the facts he asked the county board to reimburse him for the loss. A committee was appointed to examine his figures and report on the case. The sum of $800 was voted to the town of Maine to be applied in building a bridge over Wolf river there.

In March, 1882, the county board accepted the new courthouse; it cost in round numbers $47,000.

At this time John Dey was secretary of the Farmers' Cooperative Association of Greenville. The Grand Chute Horticultural Society was in operation with Mrs. D. Huntley, secretary. Sheriff Lennon was removed from office in 1882 on severe charges and B. T. Rogers was appointed to succeed him. In 1883 there were eighteen insane persons in this county. Swamp land irregularities were investigated in 1883.

In one month in 1883 there was shipped from Medina station 510 boxes of cheese weighing 30,210 pounds, all the product of factories in that vicinity. A Medina factory was receiving 7,000 pounds of milk a day in July, 1883.

The county fair at Hortonville in 1883 was excellent; there were over 950 entries, John Dey was president; that village deserved and received great praise for the fine success of the fair.

The county fair at Hortonville in September, 1884, was also a great success. Over 6,000 people attended on Thursday, the best day. John Dey was president; Mathew McComb treasurer, and F. W. Harriman secretary. The live stock shown were never better. Every department was unusually excellent. The total receipts were $850 and the disbursements $800. The declamation contest was won by Eda Silverfrieund.

In 1885 the county poor expense was $2,481.32; insane $1,712.44. The total receipts of the county in 1884-5 were $77,910.07; total expenses, $62,140. Certain lots in the village of Medina, town of Yale, were vacated in November, 1885, upon the petition of Oscar J. Angus and B. F. Humphrey.

The county in July, 1885, contracted with the Patent Rotary Jail Company of Chicago for the iron and steel work in the jail, the contract price being $14,500.06. The work was to be completed December 1, 1886, but was delayed until March 1, 1887. On July 22, 1886, the county contracted with Henry Paepke of Neenah to build the jail for $8,835. Later the contractor agreed to build the third story for $500. In November, 1886, the contract for the steam heating apparatus at $723 was signed. These various contracts were changed somewhat and prices were altered to correspond. Kaukauna was given $815 to be used on bridges in that town. Now Appleton, Kaukauna, Seymour and the Third ward, New London, were excluded from general county affairs.

The county fair in 1885 at Hortonville was also excellent; the races were specially good. Horses, cattle and poultry were, never better. On election night in 1884 five prisoners in the county jail escaped.

A committee appointed to consider building a county jail reported favorably in April, 1886, the cost to be about $25,000; the present jail was insecure and continually needed repair. They recommended the construction of a new jail to cost that sum, to be paid for by the sale of county bonds. There was a minority report against this improvement. The majority report was adopted by the vote of 17 to 14.

The county fair was held at Hortonville in October, 1886. The weather was good and the number of entries very large. Live stock and farm products shown were unusually good.

The tax commissioners filed their report in August, 1887; it showed many changes of the assessment of the county board and justified Appleton in its contentions. The commissioners said, "We hereby determine and certify that said decision of said county board was unjust and that the valuations of the real property in Said county as fixed by said decision were unequal." The county board had assessed Appleton $2,088,920 on realty; the commissioners placed the figures at $1,618,756.34. Kaukauna city was greatly increased by the commissioners -- county board, $318,000; commissioners, $418,000. Black Creek, Buchanan, Center, Cicero, Dale, Deer Creek, Ellington, Freedom, Grand Chute, Greenville, Hortonia, town of Kaukauna, Maine, Maple Creek, Fifth ward, New London and Osborn were increased by the commissioners. Bovina, Liberty and Seymour town and city were not changed from the figures of the county board. The sum of $470,163.66 was deducted from Appleton and added tb the towns and cities above mentioned. The city was thus a gainer of $3,577.04. This change was affected by changing Appleton's assessment tax in 1888. Appleton was taxed 29 per cent and paid that per cent to the tax commissioners.

On June 2, 1887, the last prisoner in the county jail was discharged and for the first time in many years that institution was empty; the jailer's occupation was gone, and the county for a time ceased to pay wicked men's board bills. Silas Webster was the first prisoner in the new jail -- charged with selling liquor on the Oneida reservation.

Dreadful fires occurred in July, 1887, and caused immense losses throughout Northern Wisconsin. Appleton raised $1,500 for the Marshfield sufferers in a few hours.

Representatives of the State Fish Commission established here in 1887 a state fish hatchery; the canal company agreed to give the hatchery water free of cost. The site selected was at the lower end of West's canal near the blast furnace and another near Telulah Park at the foot of the Hyde and Harriman canal.

The Medina cheese factory in 1887 handled 371,264 pounds of milk and manufactured 37,093 pounds of cheese. The county fair at Hortonville in October, 1887, was a fine success. The County Teachers Institute in August, 1887, was attended by 85 teachers.

The Legislature in 1885, authorized the formation of farmers institutes; one was organized at Hortonville, Co-operative Union, in February, 1888. John Dey, Daniel Huntley, Henry Culbertson, Mr. Sayer, L. B. Mills, Theodore Lewis, Peter Tubbs, Charles Sweetzer, Mathew McComb and Philo Root were active at the first meeting.

The county fair at Hortonville in 1888 was very successful. The exhibit of horses, cattle, sheep and poultry was never excelled in this county; the same of vegetables, fruit and grain. There were declamations and a baby show and a vote on the most popular gentlemen.

It was at this time that a committee of the county board reported in favor of building a county asylum for insane persons; the cost was estimated at $35,000 for the building and about $15,000 for the farm attached thereto. The old jail building was sold for $110. A large bunch of copper was found in a well on the farm of C. Schuh of Freedom.

The total cost of the county insane asylum was $82,485; of which $56,778 was paid with bonds. The farm cost $15,000; building complete $51,985; equipment $8,500; running expense one year $7,000 estimated. All was ready late in 1889. Mr. Downer became superintendent and Dr. J. R. Reilly, physician.

In 1889 the total tax in the county was $208,877.83; for schools $48,187.16; for streets and bridges $26,698.15; current expenses $91,236.74. Of the total tax raised $119,000 was raised in Appleton. The Postal Telegraph Company established an office in this city early in 1890.

The county treasurer early in April, 1889, sold the $55,000 county bonds issued to pay for the insane asylum farm and buildings. Keen & Company, Chicago bankers, took them at $56,780.50. The contract price for the building was $30,778.

The artesian well at the county asylum showed a test capacity of 216,000 gallons; the water was pure, good and quite soft. The Horticultural Society met regularly and did much to improve the fruit varieties. The monthly cattle shows at Appleton were already famous; the farmers were taking great interest in efforts to improve their products and surroundings. The first trustees of the insane asylum were John Bottensek, H. T. Hardacker and Thomas Reese. The county fair in 1889 was one of the very best ever held in the county; there were about 1,100 entries and a large sum was paid in premiumns. There were special attractions to increase the attendance.

In January, 1890, Mr. Downer brought from the Dodge county asylum twenty-three patients belonging to Outagamie county. In February twenty-two more were brought from the state asylum; five patients cared for privately were brought to the asylum. Thirteen Calumet county patients were cared for. The asylum was in excellent condition.

The population of the county in 1890 was 38,647; in 1880 it was $28,716. Kaolin or pipe clay was found in considerable quantity in 1890. The county fair in 1890 was a great success; the receipts were $2,078.47, and the expenses $1,883.42. The Farmers' Institute at Hortonville in February, 1891 was well attended, there being 500 farmers present during the session. Mr. Morrison state superintendent of institutes lectured. The county assessment this year was $9,278,700. The big Freedom ditch was commenced this year, designed to reclaim over 600 acres. Several farmers began this year to raise sugar beets. The drouth was so great in September and October that several peat swamps took fire and several forest tracts were burned. The county fair receipts in 1892 were $1,865.18. The county board appropriated $50 for the Wisconsin building at the World's Fair; they called for a huge white oak log.

The Outagamie County Dairy Board assembled regularly in Appleton in 1892; Matt. Brill was secretary; eleven factories were represented at the August meeting. There were sold 800 boxes of Chedder cheese at 8-7/8 cents per pound and 300 boxes of Flats at 9 cents a pound. In September 37 factories were represented at the board meeting; there were offered 2,853 boxes chedders and 365 boxes twins, prices low. The dairy season began May 20, 1892, and closed November 18. There were marketed during the season 6,400 chedders and 4,375 flat.

A log 108 feet in length, from which 12 feet were taken, was hauled to Appleton from the farm of Ed Laird near Shiocton. The stump measured 34 inches in diameter and the top of the log 9 inches; it was a white pine.

In 1893 the county board appointed a committee to investigate the feasibility of having its own plants for both water and lights for the county buildings. The county was charged too much by the companies. In 1892 it paid for gas $290.86 and for electric light $156.32, or a total for light of $447.18; for water in 1892 it paid $370. Therefore the committee recommended that an artesian well should be bored on the county grounds.

On the farm of Dr. E. A. Erb in Freedom is the famous Kokolo spring which possessed high medicinal qualities. Each gallon was found to contain 4.1 grains of bicarbonate of sodium; 1.7 grains bicarbonate of calcium; 1.8 grains bicarbonate of magnesium; 1.4 grains sodium sulphate and .8 grain chlorate of sodium. It is good for heart, liver, kidneys and generally the serous and mucous membranes.

Louis Perrot died in May, 1893; he came to the county from Canada in 1858 and became one of the most progressive farmers of the county.

The county board concluded late in 1893 to bore an artesian well of its own, owing to the high cost of the city water -- $370.50 in 1892.

In the fall of 1894 a committee of nine was appointed by the driving club to make arrangements for a county fair at Appleton in 1895. This committee was Humphrey Pierce, John B. Darboy, John Berg, John Dey, J. J. Sherman, J. M. Baer, John Conway, John Fose and P. T. Parish. They prepared to build a fine half mile track.

The county fair at Hortonville in 1894 was a fine success; 5,000 persons were present on the best day. The speakers were Congressman Minor, John Dey and Henry Kreiss. In December the Cheese Makers' Protective Union was organized with G. Lightheart, president; J. L. Murphy, secretary and P. Fasshender, treasurer.

A cooking school was introduced in 1895 as a department of the Farmers' Institute; this was intended by the state as a benefit to farmers' wives.

There were many damaging swamp fires throughout the county in the fall of 1895 --Black Creek, Osborn, Center and elsewhere.

The Horticultural Society met regularly in the '80s and '90s and usually was well attended. Much good was accomplished by enabling the fruit growers to keep abreast of the times with the best and hardiest varieties. Often prominent horticulturalists from other points were present as lecturers, etc. The women took much interest in these meetings. Mrs. C. E. Bushnell was secretary in 1895.

The Fox River Valley fair of 1895 was the most successful ever seen in the valley. On the last day -- Appleton day -- there were 5,000 persons present, mostly residents of the city. On the day before -- Fox river valley day -- there were 8,000 persons present. The total attendance in three days was estimated at 16,000. On the first day -- Wheelmen's day -- there were present 3,000. A long bicycle program entertained the crowd. The receipts were sufficient to pay all expenses and the premiums. Citizens, the fair association and the cycling club combined with hard work brought about this fine suc- cess. The races were excellent, many fast horses participating. Kaukauna, Hortonville, Seymour -- all took much interest in the success of this event, despite the fact that the last two had fairs of their own. The farmers came in crowds.

The county board in April, 1895, appropriated $2,900 for an iron bridge over Wolf river in Ellington.

The Fox River Valley Fair Association made elaborate preparations for a great fair in 1895; seats to see the races were prepared for about 2,000 persons. The electric line was to run cars there; the track was put in splendid condition; the newspapers advertised the coming event far and wide. As a result there was an immense crowd and an excellent fair as a whole. On Appleton day there were present about 8,000 people. Prizes were paid for horse races, wheel races, etc. This was really a racing fair. The association had tried to unite with the county fair at Hortonville, but the latter was unwilling to the union. It was about this time that farmers of Outagamie county began to attend the state college of agriculture; they found that those institutions could teach them something valuable about farming and stock growing.

The county board passed the workhouse resolution in April, 1896; it was determined to make tramps work; a structure was erected at the quarry in the fall and cost $3,500. Other counties began to send their insane to the Outagamie county insane asylum in 1896; there were 126 inmates by October. The fair at the Driving Park was not as good in 1896 as it was in 1895. The county treasurer's report in 1896 showed receipts $183,162.98; expenses $147,257.95; cash balance $35,905.03.

The Fox River Valley Fair Association reported the total receipts in 1896 at $6,076.10 with that in hand in addition. The disbursements were $6,447.78; leaving $40.96 on hand.

The earnings of the county insane asylum in 1896 were $20,932.84; the net earnings were $8,044.72; the asylum property was valued at $98,233.54. Mr. and Mrs. George Downer were superintendent and matron respectively.

In December, 1896, the county board appropriated $500 annually for the Children's Home in consideration that the Home should care for the county's dependent children.

The Fox River Fair and Driving Association in 1896 bought the property of the Appleton Track and Driving Club and also secured the lease of the latter to portions of the poor farm.

In January, 1898, the county board appropriated $300 for the Prescott Hospital instead of $500 the amount requested. Previous to the middle of November the total number of commitments to the new workhouse was 75, of which 39 were drunk and disorderly. The sentences amounted to a total of 1188 days. John A. Fose was superintendent in 1898. In 1898 twenty-six insane patients were taken for treatment to the state hospital.

In 1899 residents in the northern part of the county favored a new county to be composed of parts of Brown, Shawano and Outagamie counties with Seymour as the county seat. This step was specially to be desired providing the proposed electric line from Seymour to Appleton was not built.

In March and April, 1897, fishermen along Wolf river slaughtered pike by the thousands with boats, torches and spears. An observer counted 15 boats thus engaged and said that one boat secured 140 in two hours; the fish ranged from 2 to 8 pounds each.

The State Federation of Labor met in Appleton, Harmonic hall, in June, 1897. There were about fifty delegates present representing about 100 trade unions in different parts of the state. One delegate represented 18 different unions. One lady delegate was present.

Anthrax made its appearance in this county in 1897; Charles Wasmund of Freedom lost several cattle with that disease; the herd was quarantined and the disease was prevented from spreading. The county fair at Hortonville was well attended and successful in 1897.

In August, 1900, nearly a dozen Indians were confined in the county jail -- three from Seymour charged with burglary and the others United States prisoners; they spent most of their time in jail playing euchre; they were religious and model prisoners. The Post called the jail, "An Indian Camp."

The county fair at Hortonville in 1900 was a success in spite of the rainy weather; there was paid out about $1,200 in premiums; there were $1,210 entries and the gate receipts amounted to over $600. The displays were unusually good.

Cabbage growing around Shiocton was a great industry by 1901. Between 600 and 700 acres of cabbages were harvested that year, the yield being from 12 to 15 tons per acre. The industry was commenced in 1897 when G. H. Lonkey planted a small patch. A few others started up in 1898 and the business grew. The Shiocton News said cabbage was king.

In 1902 the county board ordered a survey of the Black Creek waterway with the view of draining between 3,000 and 4,000 acres in the towns of Cicero and Black Creek, unfit for cultivation owing to about three miles of dead water in Black creek. The petition for a division of Kaukauna town was granted and the new town of Vandenbroek was created at this date.

In the summer of 1902 rural free delivery was extended to portions of the county. The county board planned a poor farm in 1902.

By the act of the tax commission Appleton was reduced from $10,955,800 to $9,988,006.18, Seymour town was increased from $905,000 to $1,004,550, Kaukauna city was decreased from $2,739, 900 to $2,533,037.55. Most of the country towns were increased. The valuations determined by the special commission appointed to equalize the county assessment in September, 1903, were as follows:

In 1903 there were raised in the county nearly 1,000 acres of cabbage. The county tax was $57,775.95; state tax $24,848.29; school tax $37,180.

The annual report of the Fox River Valley Fair and Driving Association in December, 1904, showed the receipts at $6,197.11 and expenses at $6,295.80. There was on hand at the beginning of the year $100.01 and at'the close $1.32.

The only farmers' institute in the county in 1904 was held at Black Creek in December. It was made a sort of mid-winter fair; school children took part in the program.

Many wolves were seen in the county in December, 1905; a large pack was in the town of Maine. The county bounty was $10 and the state bounty the same. This caused vigorous hunts for the scalps.

Early in 1905 the county jail was in bad condition, $3,000 was needed to put it in fair condition. The recent jail deliveries showed that something better was needed.

In November, 1905, the county board voted to tear down the existing jail and erect a new one; five supervisors voted against this step. The cost of the new structure was fixed at $16,000.

In 1905 Dale had 6 cheese factories, Black Creek, Center, Deer Creek and Cicero 5 each and the other towns from one to four -- Bovina 1, Kaukauna 2, Stephensville 1, Ellington 1, Liberty 3, Seymour 4, Maine 3, Vandenbroek 1, Greenville 4, Maple Creek 1, Buchanan 3, Grand Chute 2, Osborn 3, Hortonia 1, Freedom 1. The creameries were as follows: Ellington 2, Dale 2, Hortonville l, Greenville 1, Maple Creek 1, Hortonia 2, Bovina 1, Welcome 1. This did not include creameries in cities. The money received for cheese and butter factories in 1905 was $462,914. The county had 56 cheese factories and 13 creameries; 219,878 pounds of butter were made.

The county assessment in 1904 was $39,235,300 and in 1905 was $40,552,801. It was said in the spring of 1906 that the farmers of the county had "gone cabbage mad." The fair circuit in 1,906 included the cities of Appleton, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, Plymouth and New London.

In January, 1906, the county board appropriated $8,000 for the construction of a fire fighting system at the county asylum.

The Farmers' Institute of Outagamie County met at Greenville in January, 1906, and was conducted by L. E. Scott. There was a large attendance and much interest was shown. Soils, tillage, sugar beets, preparation of soil, silage, dairy cows, care of and feeding calves, winter eggs, sheep and other subjects were considered.

The $15,000 of county jail bond, sold for $15,850 in the spring of 1906. The Fox River Valley Telephone and Telegraph Company absorbed many small lines at this time. This year the great success attained by the Shiocton Garden and Land Company in reclaiming about 4,000 acres of land near the village of Shiocton was apparent and others began to imitate the operations of this company. Swvamp land boomed in value. Immense quantities of flower bulbs were grown on the Shiocton tract. Portions were leased to Vaughan, the flower dealer of Chicago, and Crawford & Company, of Ohio.

The new jail was finished by November, 1906, at a cost of about $19,000. The county bought 36.92 acres addition to the insane hospital farm this year, paying $80 per acre. This year about 200 acres of sugar beets were grown in the county. A good roads convention was held in December.

In March, 1907, John Dey was elected president of the Outagamie County Pioneer Association for the thirtieth time. About 200 were present. Humphrey Pierce delivered the annual address. A. A. Raisler of Outagamie county was chosen a vice-president of the state fair in 1907.

For many years Canada thistles had been seen in the county; it was said the seed was imported with oats brought here when the country was new, fed to horses and thus scattered all over the county in the timber clearings; now systematic efforts were necessary to get rid of it. In 1907 the Driving Club offered $3,100 in prizes. The San Jose scale was discovered on fruit trees in Appleton this year. This year the annual meeting of the Wisconsin Horticultural Society was held at Shiocton, a decided compliment to the industries so well conducted there. About seventy-five of the most prominent horticulturists of the state were in attendance at the opera house. They visited in a body the fields of the Shiocton Garden and Land Company, where 3,000,000 bulbs of various kinds were growing.

By the middle of September, 1908, so severe and long continued was the drouth that forest and prairie fires began to do damage in various parts of the county. The extraordinary drouth continued and by the middle of October great damage had been done in the vast stretch of country from New London to Green Bay. "During the September fires there was some danger on the Oneida reservation and also in the vicinity of New London and Black Creek, but it is said this danger is nothing compared with the fight the farmers in these districts now have on their hands. Almost an unbroken line of fire is raging along the railway from Seymour to Green Bay. It is also claimed that in the swamps and marshes where there are fires the ground is so dry that the peat or muck has taken fire, making it an herculean task to rid a district of flames."--(Post, October, 1908.)

At the Seymour Dairy Board during the season of 1908 (April 14 to December 10) 22,116 boxes amounting to 960,000 pounds of cheese were sold. But this did not represent the cheese made. Twenty years before there was but one cheese factory in that locality.

The Shiocton Garden Company bought additional tracts in other adjacent towns and prepared to enlarge operations. Celery and sugar beets were added to the products. There was a 15 cent bounty on crows. F. Charlesworth was appointed county treasurer in place of Mr. McCarty, deceased. In 1908 many farmers of this county attended the Farmers' National Congress at Madison. The fair of the Driving Park Association in 1908 was unusually fine and successful. There were several extras to please the large crowd. A foot race between an Oneida Indian and the young men of Busbey's Business College attracted attention; the Indian was badly defeated. A bicycle race was hotly contested. About 8,000 people were present on the best day. The stock fair at Appleton in December was excellent.

The Farmers' Institute at Shiocton in January, 1909, was one of the best ever held in the county. "There is perhaps no small town or village or organized community in this county or in Wisconsin where there is any more downright business enterprise and foresight than there is in Shiocton. To the merchants, dentists, doctors and others who have business interests is due the great success of the Farmers' Institute." -- (Post.) Among the subjects discussed in detail were -- live stock, dairying, sugar beets, cows, swine, good roads, good feeding, silo and silage, sheep, etc. Messrs. Matteson, Stiles, Roberts, McCormick, Hint, Zahrt, McKerrow and others made addresses. Many prizes on nearly all garden and field products were awarded. The cooking school by the ladies was not the least of the attractions. The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Congregational church netted about $30 for their splendid meals.

About the middle of January, 1909, the mercury marked 28 degrees below zero at Appleton and 32 degrees below at Hortonville.

A session of the American Co-operative Society of Equity was held at Stephensville in January, 1909, there being present delegates from Little Chute, Seymour, Black Creek, Shiocton, Ellington, Kaukauna and Grand Chute. The session was held in Kroeger opera house. The central idea of this organization was to do away with competition and organize the farmers and merchants of the county for co-operation. Among the speakers were Messrs. Hohn, Nichols, Long, Lehr, Keller, Fuller and others.

John Brill, secretary of the Appleton Dairy Board reported that the value of cheese bought and sold from April, 1908, to April, 1909, was $243,116.25. This board comprised a membership of about seventy-five cheese buyers and sellers. During the year 32,415 boxes of twins were offered on the call board; each box contained about 60 pounds. This was only one of several such institutions in the county.

In 1909 the farmers of Outagamie county were paid $1,174,231 for cheese and butter; the cheese factories were supplied by 21,591 cows and the creameries by 7,715 cows. There were 79 cheese factories and 20 creameries. The cheese departments had 2,103 patrons and the butter industry 888 patrons. The cheese receipts were $878,307 and the butter $295,924. There were over 1,000 acres of sugar beets grown this year. The Garden Company near Shiocton raised 160 acres worth about $60,000. The great advance in the price of all farm products were a great encouragement to farmers at this date. This year Gregory and Updike of Chicago bought 3,000 acres of low land in Maine and Deer Creek and prepared to drain it for garden purposes.

By 1909 there were many different country telephone lines extending to all portions of the county. Scarcely a neighborhood was without this up-to-date and valuable improvement. In November the county board ordered that Oneida be organized in all respects as an independent town.

In February, 1910, Judge Ryan was the orator before the Pioneer Association. About $3,000 was spent to improve the fair grounds at Appleton. In January cabbage was $25 a ton, there being a great shortage. Again it was declared that, "Cabbage is King." This year the county refused to establish a training school for teachers. The spring was dry and many forest fires occurred. Many wolves appeared in the vicinity of Welcome.

The Fox River Valley Pomona. Grange met in South Greenville hall. Among the subjects considered were -- "A Woman in the Grange," "Seed Corn in Its Production," "Domestic Science at the Agricultural School," "Why Should We Raise Fine-Bred Stock?" "Cow Testing," "The Winnebago County Agricultural School."

The South Lawrence Butter and Cheese Company of Snidersville reported a total business of $30,853.61 for 1910. Nick Huss was president and manager.

The Holstein cow Phebe Paul 77,777 owned by R. J. Schaefer, Appleton, gave butterfat one year 733.4 pounds. His cow Caroline Paul Parthenia 77,784 produced 92.373 pounds of butterfat in the month of October, 1910.

In December, 1910, the first herd of imported Guernsey cattle ever received in this county arrived, having been purchased in the East by Charles Smith, there were eighteen animals, for which an average price of $250 was paid.

In 1910 John L. Jacquot built an immense cheese (4,000 pounds) for the National Dairy Show, Chicago, October 20 to 29; the factories here made the best tests and were awarded the honor to build the cheese by the National Association.

The project of building a large iron bridge across the river at Kimberly was before the citizens this year. It was planned to cost $25,000. The town of Vandenbroek which was to pay only $2,000 voted against the proposition. The fair of the Fox River Valley society in 1910 was one of the best ever held; the total attendance was over 12,000. The cattle exhibit was a great feature -- pure Jerseys, Holsteins, Guernseys and Short Horns being shown. The races were unusually good.

Judge Thomas H. Ryan was elected president of the Twelve Corners-Mackville Telephone Company in September, 1910. The company had 160 members though but a year old.

The Guernsey cattle sale of 1910 was an important event. Ninety animals were offered for sale, 60 of which were registered and 30 were high grades. John Conway was one of the leaders of this sale. The prices varied from $125 to $600 -- the highest ever paid in this county. There were present 200 buyers, and 81 head were sold the first day. This fall two other large cheeses were made, one weighing 2,000 pounds and one less. The Appleton Cheese board sold in 1909 1,671,765 pounds of cheese and in 1910 sold 2,229,615 pounds. A parcels post was demanded by the farmers all over the county at this time.

A petition was circulated in January, 1911, asking the court to appoint commissioners for the proposed drainage of 12,000 acres in Black Creek, Cicero, Seymour and part of Bovina towns.

The county board favored the repeal of the tuberculosis test law early in 1911 by a vote of 20 to 9.

In January, 1911, the Greenville Creamery and Cheese Factory, owned by Potts, Wood & Company, reported a business of $24,540.53 for the season of 1910.

In March, 1911, the history of Outagamie county was planned to be compiled and published under the editorship of Judge Thomas H. Ryan assisted by the following advisory board: Henry D. Ryan and J. N. Stewart, of Appleton; John D. Lawe and C. E. Raught, of Kaukauna; Peter Tubbs, of Seymour; Eben E. Rexford, of Shiocton; Louis Jacquot, of Hortonville, and John Dey, president of the Pioneer Association. The publishers were to be the Goodspeed Historical Association of Chicago.

Late in February the county board ordered the county books back for another six years audited -- 1901 to 1907; they also ordered that thereafter the books of all county officials should be audited each year by an expert accountant; a friendly suit to learn what was lawful as to register's fees was instituted. At this time the following shortages were announced to exist:

This was the shortage for the past four years. Much of this shortage it was admitted was due to carelessness in keeping the books and accounts.

In May, 1911, the county had in its treasury $97,000 and was out of debt, the most favorable condition in the history of the county.

The auction of Guernsey cattle at the Northwestern house yard in May, 1911, was an important event. Seventy registered animals (twenty-five imported) were put on the block. There were sixteen consigners to the sale, ten of whom were Greenville men; thirty-nine head came from that town and sixty from Appleton. The average price of the first twelve sold was $265, and there were present thirty-three buyers, of whom twenty-three came from outside the county and bought seventy-three head for $17,510. Dr. O. N. Johnson managed the event. John Conway, "father of the Guernsey industry in Outagamie county," was present. The highest price paid was $800 for a fine Guernsey bull.

Early in June, 1911, George H. Downer, superintendent of the county insane asylum, commenced suit for libel against Peter Tubbs and E. J. Westphal placing the damages at $7,000.

In June, 1911, four young ladies of this county were drowned on Little Lake Butte des Morts by the upsetting of their sailboat during a sudden squal; Bertha Pollex, Gertrude Kuschel, Agnes Geenen and Elizabeth Brill; five others were rescued.

It was shown in August, 1911, that in the twenty-one years of its existence the county insane asylum had made $20,473 for the county. The asylum had cared for 441 patients, care and clothing amounting to $459,783.79. Of these 270 patients were those of Outagamie county. At this date the plant had 437 acres. George Downer was still superintendent. The plan of reclaiming a large tract in the northwestern part of the county -- in Maine, Liberty and Bovina towns was taken up in the spring of 1911.

In September, 1911, the Fox River Valley Fair was a gratifying success. On "Appleton day" there was an immense attendance. The mayor asked business houses to close in the afternoon, and the request was generally complied with. A cheese weighing six tons was built here in August for the Chicago Dairy Show late in 1911. Thirty-five cheese makers were employed over the immense vats. It cost $7,500. Many persons assembled to witness the interesting event.

RELIGION, TEMPERANCE, BENEVOLENCE, MUSIC, ETC.

DIVINE services were no doubt held in the residences of the first settlers of Appleton in 1848 and during the winter of 1848-9. Several of the first arrivals -- Rev. A. B. Randall and Rev. W. H. Sampson and others -- were ministers and it can be concluded with certainty that they would not permit the entire fall and winter to elapse without preaching on Sundays and holding mass and prayer meetings at private houses on Sundays and perhaps on week days.

The history of St. Mary's Catholic church begins with the celebration of mass in the year 1848 in Hippolitus Grignon's log house. This was not only the first mass in Appleton; but it was celebrated in the home of the first white man to settle within what is now the city limits of Appleton, Hippolitus Grignon having come to Appleton from Green Bay in 1835. In 1848-9 the famine was driving the manhood of Ireland to America, and from revolution stricken Europe was flowing to the United States the best blood of that continent. Some of these were attracted to the Fox River Valley by the prospects of work on the government canal and by the opportunity to acquire land in the vicinity of their labors. Patrick Shields, Louis Heintz, Adam Mertes, and a few others came to Appleton in the early '40s. In 1850 John Nolan, Timothy Garvey, Richard Farrel, Mr. Bradley, Frank Wirtz and a few others were added to the Catholic colony in Appleton. Missionary Fathers attended to their spiritual wants at first. Dr. Salzman, Father Casper Rehrl, Father Fusseeder, Father Pfeiffer, Father Louis Dael, and Father James Coulton were some of those devoted fathers who visited Appleton during the first decade. The latter was the first Irish priest to visit Appleton. During this period there was no church; but mass was celebrated in various places, viz.: in the home of Hippolitus Grignon, in the home of Adam Mertes, in the John Nolan boarding house, in the Third ward school and in the old courthouse.

On the 29th of April, 1859, Theodore Conkey, M. L. Martin and A. B. Bowen donated, for church purposes, lot 1, in block 41, Third ward, city of Appleton, to John Henni, bishop of Milwaukee, and the Catholics of Appleton forthwith erected thereon a frame church at a cost of $1,700.

On October 24, 1862, Father Louis Dael, J. McCaghery and J. Smuddie purchased for St. Mary's congregation lot 4, and a little later lots 2 and 3, in said block 41, and a parochial school was erected thereon. Thus in 1864 the first parochial school in the city of Appleton, and one of the first in the State of Wisconsin, was opened. Missionary Sisters from Barton taught in this school. They did not remain long, however, and were succeeded by a Mr. Johnston. The school was discontinued after a short time for lack of funds.

Father Louis Dael was the first resident priest, coming in 1860 and remaining till 1867. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Wilkins who was pastor for one year. It was during the latter's administration that the German Catholics withdrew from St. Mary's and established St. Joseph's congregation, the mother church paying the new congregation $3,000. Rev. Father Walsh, who succeeded Father Wilkins, remained but a few months, giving place to the Rev. Father Verberk, who was pastor of St. Mary's from 1868 till 1872.

The Servite Fathers, who had their headquarters at St. Patrick's church, Menasha, were in charge of the parish from 1872 to 1875, and were represented at Appleton by the Rev. Father Baldi. It was under Father Baldi's administration that the parish erected the present brick church. The late Thomas O'Keefe was the architect. The true Christian zeal of the pioneer is illustrated by the following: Patrick Morrissey, Edmond Haffner, Owen Merity and James McCaghery, members of St. Mary's, mortgaged their homes and lands to procure the necessary funds (which for that time were quite considerable) with which to erect and complete the new church.

Scarcely was the church enclosed when the Servite Fathers were withdrawn and were succeeded by the Rev. Ferdinand Tanquay who assumed charge of the parish in August, 1875, and remained its pastor until his lamented death which occurred November 25, 1887. During his pastorate the church was completed, the debt thereon liquidated, a new parsonage erected and the parish grew in strength and unity and took its place among the foremost in the diocese.

November 1, 1887, the present pastor, Rev. W. J. Fitzmaurice was appointed assistant to Rev. Ferdinand Tanquay, and upon the latter's death succeeded him as pastor of St. Mary's. The first year of his pastorate the parish purchased four lots and erected a parochial school and convent. The school was opened in September, 1889, and placed in charge of the Dominican Sisters of Sinsinawa, under whose efficient and devoted labors the school soon ranked among the best in the city. During the first eight years of the school's existence a high school was conducted under the management of the same Sisters, and was an accredited high school. Unfortunately, for lack of funds, the high school department had to be discontinued.

Realizing the desirability of the Church touching every phase of human life, and bringing it under the benign and wholesome influence of religion, the parish, now having grown stronger financially, determined to erect a building where its members could meet in social intercourse under conditions free from danger to their faith and morals, and promote that good fellowship which is necessary for human society. For this purpose in 1894, they bought property and erected the Columbia hall which has since been the scene of all the parish social activities.

Shortly after the present pastor took charge, the parish had grown so large numerically that he was unable to adequately attend to the wants of the people, hence he was assisted in his work by the following clergymen: Rev. M. H. Clifford from March, 1894, to July, 1896; Rev. George Clifford from August, 1897, to July, 1898; Rev. Michael Lauth from November, 1898, to October, 1900; Rev. J. M. Phelan from November, 1901, to September, 1902; Rev. Conrad Ripp from June, 1903 to July, 1905; Rev. George A. Casey from July, 1906, to September, 1908; Rev. A. VanDyke from September, 1908, to August, 1909; Rev. E. Vassiere from August, 1909, to August, 1911.

Glancing back over the half century of its existence and clearly recognizing the many blessings that Almighty God had bestowed upon them as a parish and individually, the members of St. Mary's deemed it fit and proper to make some public recognition of those favors received. Consequently on the eve of their Golden Jubilee they set about renovating and adorning the church. Mrs. Catherine M. Baldwin made the munificent donation of the beautiful marble altar in memory of her deceased husband, George Baldwin. Another friend donated the beautiful marble and onyx communion railing. Other generous friends donated beautiful memorial windows in memory of their deceased parents and children. Two beautiful side altars were also given by two members of the parish in memory of their deceased. Others of the parish, less blessed with this world's goods, but rich in generous faith, gave freely of the little they possessed in order to complete the beautifying of the House of God.This jubilee offering amounted to about $30,000. The completion of the work was duly celebrated in a solemn, religious and civic manner September 18, 1911.

The St. Joseph's Catholic Congregation with its spacious and artistically decorated church, its beautiful monastery, its two large modern school buildings, its capacious hall for social gatherings and amusements, occupies a fore-position in the moral, intellectual, social and religious uplifting and development of the city of Appleton and the county of Outagamie.

St. Joseph's parish dates its origin back to the year 1867. On January 1 of that year the German members of the congregation of St. Mary's met under the presidency of the pastor, the Rev. Louis Dahl and decided to separate from the English members, resolving to build their own church and school. A committee of three was nominated, consisting of John Berg, Michael Pauly and Gerhard Kamps. The consent of the Rt. Rev. Bishop J. M. Henni of Milwaukee, to whose diocese Appleton then belonged, was granted on March 19, the feast of St. Joseph. A parochial school was established between Seventh and Eighth streets near State street, and John Stolzer was engaged as teacher on January 15, 1868. After the first church had been built, a room in the basement of the same served as class-room. The following year on February 25, the Rt. Rev. Bishop came personally to Appleton to preside at a parish meeting, in which all the disputed points were adjusted, and the separation became effective.

Peter Reuter, Anton Karls, Jr., Anton Hipp and Eberhard Kamps were elected as building committee. They purchased about four and one-half lots, 155 feet by 188 feet, the present site of the church and monastery from John D. Pierce, who liberally granted into the bargain a lot, 30x120 feet on the opposite side, which was in turn relinquished on August 1, 1894, in favor of the city for the construction of Elm street. The deeds bear the date of August 16, 1868. For the sum of $150 the old frame schoolhouse of the Third ward was bought and moved upon the lot, at present Elm street. The building was enlarged and furnished, serving as the first St. Joseph's church and school. It was dedicated by Bishop Melcher, the first bishop of Green Bay, on the third of December the same year. Until the end of February, 1869, St. Joseph's parish was attended as a mission from Menasha by the Rev. Frank Uhlemayer; when the Rev. Joseph Nussbaum assumed the resident pastorate which he maintained until February 23, 1870. Until August 15, when the pastor's residence was completed, Father Nussbaum made his home with Louis Leimer. He also installed two bells to call the German Catholics to divine services. The Rev. Ferdinand Stern was then appointed. The next month he called the St. Agnes Sisters of Fond du Lac, to take charge of the school. They were succeeded by the Notre Dame Sisters of Milwaukee in the fall of 1873. They began with 68 pupils. Father Stern built a new brick church 50x100 feet with a tower 150 feet high according to the plans of W. W. Wilson. The dedication was performed by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Melcher on the first Sunday in November, 1872. Four years later the site of the school building was bought; it formed part of the estate of Anson Ballard; consideration $1,050.

Owing to some grave and deep-rooted misunderstandings between the pastor and the people, leading even to the excommunication of the leaders, the Rev. Ferdinand Stern resigned April 15, 1877. Rev. G. Hormish, who had come to Appleton on March 27 of the same year to assist Father Stern, remained a few weeks longer. To establish peace and harmony, to save a congregation whose members were in danger of becoming estranged from their religion, and to remove the great financial difficulties, the Capuchin Fathers consented to take charge of this parish after the repeated and urgent request of the Rt. Rev. F. H. Krautbauer. Through their noble, disinterested, zealous work they have made the congregation one of the largest and best parishes of the Green Bay diocese. Their labors were not confined to Appleton. From its foundation the monastery has been a center of moral, spiritual, religious, educational influence. The Fathers extended their spiritual ministrations to the outlying townships; they were ever ready to assist the secular clergy, far and near, in pastoral work; they conducted missions and spiritual revivals, they gave effective advise and consolation sought by thousands at the door of the monastery and in the church, and all this was done with the affability, simplicity, self-sacrifice, disinterestedness and charity that are the characteristics of the founder of their Order, the poor man of Assisi, St. Francis, and which should adorn all his true sons and followers.

The first Capuchin pastor was the Rev. Didacus Wendl who came to Appleton April 26, 1877. It was his ambition to gain the confidence of the people, and to diminish the heavy debt of $12,256 which then rested on a comparatively small and poor parish. As soon, however, as the people perceived that the Fathers had their welfare at heart and meant to remain with them, they gave practical proofs of their appreciation, developing generosity, which is seldom found in families of their standing. The cemetery, comprising twenty acres, was bought for $1,000 on September 1, 1878. It is one of the most favorably situated and most beautifully kept burial grounds in the state. July 17, 1879, Father Didacus Wendl was recalled and replaced by the Rev. Lawrence Henn, until October 16, when the Very Rev. Bonaventure Frey took charge of the parish. This prominent member of the Capuchin Order had just completed two churches in New York, and was entitled to a short respite, but he at once set to work energetically. The number of school children had increased rapidly. In the steeple of the church a class-room had been arranged. The kneeling benches of the church serving as seats for the little ones; also two rooms had been rented on College avenue, on the lot now occupied by Mr. Marette's blacksmith shop. True to his characteristic trait to proceed with a wise view to the future, Father Frey displayed keen forethought and foresight of the coming growth and development of the city and congregation.

For although the standing indebtedness $18,520 and there were but 250 children he erected a stately building at an expense of $22,000. The firm of Loeffler frescoed and decorated the church. The parsonage was enlarged to meet the demands of community life. Despite these material improvements the debt was reduced to $13,935.

From 1882-1885, Rev. Francis Haas, remarkable orator, devoted his efforts to the interior life of the parish. A better religious spirit was instilled into its members. The attendance at church and school increased and became more regular. Installed organ $3,000. From 1885-1888 Rev. Bernardine Schmitz worked in the spirit of his predecessor, and particularly paid great attention to the several societies of the congregation and established new ones -- was succeeded in March, 1888, by Rev. Pacificus Berlemann, a prominent missionary, died of cancer of the stomach, October 11, 1889, and was interred at Mt. Calvary, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. The interim till 1891 was filled out by Rev. Lawrence Henn, when also the church was enlarged and decorated at an expense of over $25,000. Also monastery built. From 1891-1894 Rev. Honoratus Schmitt, noted for looking up lukewarm Catholics, also bought site for St. Joseph's Hall from Leda B. Clark for $1,500 and built hall $14,000. Installed hot water heating in school, $2,000, 1894-1897 Rev. Timothy Grossmann -- electric light installed in church and boys' playground acquired; 1897-1900 Rev. Ignatius Ullrich well liked -- church fresco painted and decorated $2,200. Five harmonious bells installed, $1,280. Hot water heating system put into church, $1,820.95. St. Anthony's chapel added to the church. Mr. Robert Richard furnished the chapel; 1900-1909 Rev. Lawrence Henn, who had already endeared himself to the parishioners, when stationed here before New school east of St. Joseph's hall built in 1907, cost $12,000. Another sacristy built on the west side of the church -- 1909.

The necessity of satisfying the spiritual wants of the Catholic people in the Fourth ward of the city of Appleton by means of a resident pastor with church and school, had for years impressed itself upon the Rt. Rev. S. G. Messmer, Bishop of the Green Bay diocese. No sooner, therefore, became it known that the German Methodist Society of said ward were to vacate the property with church and dwelling for many years used as their headquarters, than Revs. J. J. Fox, V. G. and W. G. Fitzmaurice, pastor of St. Mary's congregation, secured same by purchase for a new Catholic congregation to be formed as soon as the approbation of the bishop, then absent, could be obtained. This came about in 1898, the fall of which brought the appointment of Rev. John Kaster, formerly of Shawano, as first pastor, or rather organizer of the Catholics south of the Fox river, a territory known as "Fourth ward" of the city of Appleton. The location of the recently acquired property was in block 20 of West's addition, corner Harrison and Monroe streets, on block east from the interurban car line. The organizing was fraught with unforeseen difficulties; the Fox river, being by nature and will of the Bishop, the northern boundary line of the new parish, was disregarded as such by those who rightly or wrongly withheld affiliation with the new parish on the ground that it was to be merely "German," as well as by those who desired evading personal sacrifices for the new undertaking, or were mistrusting all possibility of success. To this we may add a claim set up by the German Catholics in the "lower Fourth" or eastern portion of the Fourth ward, namely that church, school and Priest's house ought to be in a more central location. Undaunted by these drawbacks Rev. J. Kaster made great efforts to start a good nucleus for a parish, and, to his great joy, he succeeded.

On October 9, 1898, Bishop Messmer, being assisted by many neighboring priests, blessed the church. St. Joseph's Society was present -- corpore. The church was a plain frame, 40x56 feet, without basement, altar or any furniture useful in Catholic services. A small barn, standing behind the old church, was transformed into a "school," over which Anna Jacobs, now Sr. M. Leona of St. Agnes, was installed as teacher. At a regular meeting of the parish on December 31, 1898, William Scheer and John Faas were elected secretary and treasurer respectively, furthermore it was agreed to incorporate under the name Sacred Heart Congregation, Appleton, Wisconsin.

At a regular business meeting held February 12, 1899, the parish decided to erect a suitable school, with an expense not to exceed $6,000. A plan drawn by Herman Wildhagen was accepted, and Messrs. John Melcher, John Loos, Lawrence Sommer, were chosen to act as building committee with Rev. Kaster. In consequence of a very successful Fair held at St. Joseph's hall, no less than by generous contributions by members and friends, the congregation was enabled to refund the original purchase price of the property, which was $2,000. In the meantime a hot-air furnace was placed in a dugout below the church, fixtures for electric light, an altar and furniture for same was purchased. Regular religious services, a mission given by P. Neumuller, S. J., house-to-house visits made by Rev. Kaster on his collecting tours, the cheerfulness of the children in the improvised school -- all combined to draw out religious fervour among the people, many of whom had for a long time been indifferent to their religious duties. God's grace made precious wheat appear, where unsightly cockle had thrived.

The construction of the new school progressed steadily and swiftly, so that on June 9, 1909, it could be dedicated by Bishop Messner, who on this joyous occasion was assisted by many priests. A large gathering of neighbor societies with banners and a great conflux of Catholics in general enhanced the celebration.

July 9, 1909, at a regular business meeting the congregation decided to borrow $1,200 from the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin; it was further decided to prepare for a second Fair.

October 5, 1900, Rev. J. B. Scheyer was appointed successor to Rev. J. Kaster, who, however, upon request managed successfully the impending Fair, which was held in the armory. A great measure of credit for its financial profits was due to Rev. W. J. Fitzmaurice, pastor of St. Mary's church; he, like P. Ignatius, O. F. M. of St. Joseph's, at the first Fair, gave generous assistance to the efforts of Rev. Kaster.

October 25, 1901, following upon the resignation of Rev. J. B. Scheyer, the Rev. Fred. L. Ruessmann, formerly of St. Francis' church, Portage, Wisconsin, succeeded as pastor. Things, at that juncture looked very discouraging. A rickety little frame church, an uninviting, uncomfortable, neglected priest's house, a school in need of many finishing touches, and a debt of over $9,000 had to be faced. First of all, the hall in the school was provided with a ceiling, the windows finished, the walls plastered and provided with wainscoting. This hall was used for religious services on weekdays during winter. Hardwood floors throughout the house, painting, papering, coal stoves, gas stove and fixtures had to be provided.

June 8, 1905, at a meeting of pastor and trustees, Messrs W. Sinkule and J. Schindler, it was decided to gather subscriptions with a view to putting the church in decent shape. The subscriptions, together with a welcome donation of $1,000 given by Henry Heyman of St. Joseph's church, warranted the undertaking. Consequently the building was lengthened by 36 feet; an 8-1/2 foot basement with solid stone wall put under it, the interior received a new hardwood floor, a new coat of plaster and fine decorations towards which Messrs.William Scheer and Henry Goosen, donated personal artistic work, who also painted and decorated a new high altar, two side altars and communion railing. A large wardrobe and vestment case was bought for the Sacristy; the whole roof was reshingled and the exterior covered with new clapboards and two coats of paint. On the, morning of November 19, 1905, Rt. Rev. J. J. Fox, D. D., the new Bishop of Green Bay came to Appleton to bless the church. This ceremony, in which many priests and Catholic societies from the neighborhood participated, was followed by solemn high mass, at which Very Rev. P. J. Lochman, V. G., Revs. W. J. Fitzmaurice and P. Luke, O.F. M. of St. Joseph's acted as Celebrant, Deacon and Subdeacon respectively. Rev. M. Clifford of Oshkosh was master of ceremonies. The Revs. A. Seubert and the pastor assisted the Bishop in the sanctuary. After mass an appropriate sermon was given by the Bishop; for visitors, dinner was served at the school hall, the clergy being entertained at the parsonage. On July 29, 1906, the pastor and trustees decided to accept with thanks from Mr. John Conway, proprietor of the Sherman House, a steamboiler, which, however, was in need of repairs after having been in active use for some time at the well known hostelry. Messrs. C. Verbrick, John Vette, W. O'Neil, offered to donate their personal labor in putting up and repairing said furnace, the contract for the completion of the whole steam plant was given the W. L. Patterson Company, consideration of $400.

In the summer of 1911 the congregation had to replace its old wooden sidewalks with cement, which meant the covering of nearly 3,260 square feet. A large room in basement of school was also covered with a cement floor and a large cement cistern built just along the south side of said room, outside of school wall, adding to this a new basement and solid stone foundation and cement floor and cistern under parsonage we find the parish buildings all complete, with an indebtedness, however, of $7,000 still resting upon the school. Since September, 1899, the congregation has kept up a teaching force for eight grades; four sisters de Notre Dame have had charge of four rooms, and their work has always been of the best. The enrollment for 1911-12 shows a decrease in the number of pupils, this is in consequence of the fact that several families with many children have emigrated. At present quite a few families are anxious to go to better fields; the men, now subsisting and supporting families on mill wages are dreading the time when they will get tired of the dinner pail and night work; their sons, at least such as acquire some schooling after finishing the eighth grade, look beyond the city for future operations.

Of church societies belonging to the Sacred Heart parish, the Men's Society, of a beneficiary character, takes first rank. Mr. John Melcher is its present president; it has a membership of nearly one hundred and is in good financial condition. Then follow the association of christian mothers, the Congregation B. M. V. for the young ladies, and St. Aloysius Sodality for boys.

Religious services were held in the law office of Frederick Packard, September 1, 1850, and were conducted by Rev. Robinson of Neenah. On December 18, 1850, the society was regularly organized as Presbyterians. In December, 1851, the name was changed to First Congregational and the change was perfected January, 15, 1852. The original members were James Gilmore, Catharine Gilmore, Frederick Packard, John McPherson, Alexander Edgar, Eliza P. Smith and Julia Smith; in all seven persons, six by letter and one by profession. On December 27, 1850, Frederick Packard and James Gilmore were elected deacons after a day of special fasting and prayer. Among the early additions to the church were Charles W. Monroe and Mrs. Susan M. Monroe in 1851. In 1852 nine additional members were received. In December, 1851, the name and policy of the church was changed from Presbyterian to Congregational. Even as late as 1870 the church continued and still sustained its connection with the Presbyterian and Congregational conventions of Wisconsin. For the local and better organization of the church and congregation, a meeting was held January 15, 1852, and the name was changed to the First Congregational Church and Society of Appleton. The lot on which the church stood was a gift from Amos A. Lawrence. The first meetings for worship were held on the north side of College avenue, a few doors west of Oneida street, next to Hanna's block, and afterwards in a hall opposite the old church. The construction of the first church commenced in February, 1852, Those interested went five miles into the forest and cut and hauled the timber and by their personal labor and self sacrifice erected the church.

The building was 36x45 feet; it was not completed until the fall of 1854 and cost a little less than $2,000. Of this amount $250 came from the Congregational building fund, $250 from certain brokers of Wall street, through the efforts of the pastor; $125 from the ladies sewing society, and $50 from Mr. Dwight of Clinton, New York. The house was dedicated in January, 1854. The bell weighing 1,000 pounds was purchased by the ladies' sewing circle. The lamps first used were donated by a gentleman from Boston and cost $27. The chandeliers costing $155 were presented by the Sabbath school sewing society. In 1869 a pipe organ valued at $2,000 was obtained by subscription and installed in the church. The first pastor was Rev. Charles W. Monroe, a minister of the American Home Missionary Society. In 1854 H. H. Benson succeeded him. In 1858 Franklin B. Doe became pastor. Rev. Mr. Dickinson came in 1869. The principal revivals of the church were held in winter of 1854 when twenty-four persons united; in 1857, in 1862 and in 1865. In 1865 the revival was important and the pastor was assisted by Rev. Mr. Potter of Connecticut. This revival added many to the membership. During the early years the membership was increased as follows: 1851, 17; 1852, 15; 1853, 7; 1854, 36. By 1869 the aggregate membership reached 407, but was reduced leaving 242 as the actual membership in December, 1869.

On April 29, 1851, a religious convention was held at Neenah, to voice public sentiment against desecrating the sabbath by running boats on the river and lake. The following persons from Appleton were present: Rev. A. B. Randall, Rev. W. H. Sampson, R. R. Bateman, Henry L. Blood, J. F. Johnston, L. C. Randall, R. 0. Kellogg, A. W. Kellogg, Charles H. Monroe and Frederick Packard. A call for a Sunday school convention was issued at this meeting.

"The new Presbyterian church has just received its first coat of paint. We hope to see it open for worshippers this summer." -- (Crescent, April 23, 1853.)

"Another Church. -- The Catholic denomination have received a donation of a building lot in the vicinity of the courthouse and will, we are informed, proceed to erect a spacious church upon it this summer. This denomination is not numerous in Appleton, but they outnumber all others in the county." -- (Crescent, April 23, 1853.)

"The fair held on Tuesday evening at the 'Edgarton' by the Ladies' Sewing Circle in aid of the Congregational Church was attended by a large number of the ladies and gentlemen of this place and Menasha and passed off very pleasantly. The net amount received was about $120. There was quite a tasteful array of useful and ornamental articles and the supper was excellent." -- (Crescent, July 30, 1853.)

"Rev. Mr. Crampton spoke here in behalf of the Maine law on Tuesday evening. He was listened to with marked attention and appreciation by a large concourse of our citizens." -- (Crescent, October 8, 1853.) The Outagamie Division, No. 119, Sons of Temperance, was in existence at this time. Among the members were William H. Sherwin, Samuel Ryan, Jr., Orson W. Clark, Cyrenus E. Bement, Chauncey D. Foote, Ransom Law, John C. Ryan, Andrew T. Sherwood, William H. Rogers, James W. Letcher and L. L. Hulse. The lodge was just established by grand officer Mr. P. Freeman. The Crescent favored the Maine (prohibitory) law.

"The Methodists have held meetings, almost every evening in the chapel of the University during the present month and over eighty persons have professed a change of heart and life." -- (Crescent, December 17, 1853.) * * "The Methodist denomination is by far the largest in this village; we presume the membership is about 120. The sum of $2,000 has already been subscribed toward a church." -- (Same.)

"More Churches. -- A subscription for the erection of an Episcopal church in Appleton has been in circulation the past week and $950 is subscribed. The new Congregational Church in this town will be completed and dedicated in a few days."-(Crescent, December 17, 1853.)

On January 19, 1854, Rev. J. C. Crawford preached in the schoolhouse at Appleton. The Sons of Temperance also had an organization called Outagamie Division, No. 119, which met in the hall over Bowen's hotel.

The Methodist ministers who attended the Appleton district of the Wisconsin Conference were Elmore Yocum, W. H. Sampson, Edward Cooke, R. O. Kellogg and S. C. Phinney. Rev. E. Atkinson attended Grand Chute. Rev. Mr. Yocum attended Kaukauna. The lectures of President Cooke of Lawrence University were genuine treats to the early settlers of this community. He was a finished scholar, a man of broad gauge and earnest piety and the depth of his discourses, the beauty of his language and his eloquence called out large audiences whenever it was announced that he intended to speak. The chapel of the University was crowded to the doors on such occasions.

Early in 1854 the Methodists prepared to build a large church on college grounds a short distance east of Edgarton house. They secured from the university authorities a perpetual lease to the ground and the citizens generally contributed to the erection of the building. So great was the rush of the students at the university in the spring of 1854 that Edgarton house was transformed into a boarding house for their use. Even then the demand was not half satisfied and private families were obliged to receive many of the students.

Early in February, 1854, the ladies of Appleton gave a donation party for the benefit of destitute widows and others needing assistance. There was a large attendance, the net results being $120.87. Sales of articles made afterwards increased the amount to about $150. Among those active in this movement were Mrs. Mary Parish, Mrs. Emily Smith, Mrs. Caroline S. Robinson, Daniel Huntley, Judge W. Johnston, R. A. Lawe, G. M. Robinson and Waite Cross. Of the above amount a few persons in Centre township contributed $20; their names were not given. In February, 1854, the following citizens gave a donation or benefit party for the benefit of Rev. Elmore Yocum, the Methodist pastor, at the National Hotel in Appleton: Judge W. Johnston and lady, A. C. Darling and lady, William Rork and lady, J. G. Brownell and lady, Henry L. Blood and lady, Prof. J. M. Phinney and lady, Samuel Ryan, Jr., and lady, Robert Morrow and lady, John F. Johnston and lady, George H. Myers and lady, James W. Letcher and lady, Dr. Mark A. Mosher and lady, D. C. Weston and lady, James Hanchett and lady, W. T. Richmond and lady, Dr. S. E. Beach and lady, Mr. Adkins and lady, Dr. Byron Douglass and lady, John P. Parish and lady, John Moodie and lady, G. M. Robinson and lady, R. R. Bateman and lady, Messrs. C. C. Roberts, Duncan Johnston, Prof. R. O. Kellogg, James Ryan, J. A. Loomis, S. W. Harris, W. P. Stowe, T. R. Hudd, John Elliot, M. S. Beach, Leigh Randall, DeWitt C. Bowen, Ansel B. Buggs, Alexander Atwell and the Misses J. A. Rork, Jane I. Adams, Dayton, Weston, E. S. Darling, E. A. Maxwell, F. M. Tiffany, H. E. Woodward, L. A. A. Smith, Lorinda Blood, M. A. Dartt, Ada M. Grant, L. A. Sprout, E. A. Bailey. Early in 1854 Rev. Charles Munroe was the Congregational pastor at Appleton.

Appleton in early years was noted for its liberality and toleration in matters of religion. In the winter of 1853-4 a donation party for the benefit of two widows, one a Catholic and one a Methodist was largely attended and the donations from all classes and sects were made without regard to religious affiliation. It was believed that nowhere else in the West could such toleration be found. This fact was published by the Crescent to refute a statement going the rounds of the press, that no one could live in Appleton and prosper unless he belonged to the Methodist church.

The cornerstone of the Methodist Episcopal Church was laid late in May, 1854, with appropriate ceremonies. There were a procession, music, singing and an able address by President Cooke.

In July, 1854, at a missionary meeting in the Methodist church at Appleton, held in the chapel of the university, there was contributed the amount of $114.75. On this occasion the leading speaker was Rev. J. L. Williams of Green county. He was followed by Prof. N. E. Cobleigh who was recently called from Lawrence University to the presidency of McKendree college in Illinois. President Cooke also addressed the assembly. It was noted at the time that all citizens contributed, regardless of creed or sect. The Crescent asked, "What eastern village of equal population can excel Appleton in this particular?"

By the first of July, 1854, the frame of the new Methodist church building was enclosed and work was in progress on the steeple. The building contained a basement, but the church proper was reached above by a flight of stairs. This congregation previously met at the Congregational church. President Cook was given much credit for bringing the work to its present state of completion.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Appleton was 50x60 feet and located on College avenue, nearly opposite the University. It was built in 1854, seated about six hundred persons and cost $5,500. The society was organized in connection with the Oshkosh Mission in 1844 and first consisted of twelve persons. The first sermon preached in Appleton was by Rev. A. B. Randall of the Oshkosh Mission, in what was known as Johnston's Shanty. Until the erection of the church, services were held in the chapel of the academy, which was afterward burned. Following Mr. Randall were Revs. Cornelius Smith, W. A. Thompson, C. G. Lathrop and S. W. Ford. In 1852 Appleton was set apart as a separate station. The pastors thereafter were Yocum, McDonald, Redfield, Pease, Aspinwall, Himebaugh, Bennett, Anderson and Fallows, up to 1864. Previous to that date there were three or four immense revivals connected with the history of the church. The membership at this date numbered 283. The Sunday school was first organized in March, 1849, by Rev. A. B. Randall. It was reorganized in the September following and W. Rork was elected superintendent. The school numbered 180 scholars in 1865, and H. L. Blood was superintendent.

An important organization of the ladies of Appleton early in 1854 was a sewing society to which nearly all belonged. At times over two hundred ladies were engaged in the charitable work. This movement reflects the highest credit upon the early settlers of this community. Thy usually met at the National Hotel. They extended aid not only to charitable objects, but to the churches and the pastors and all praiseworthy movements. During the, winter of 1853-4 there was received from membership fees $32.25 and the total receipts amounted to nearly $200. A branch of this organization was called the "Ladies' Parsonage Aid Society" which was organized October 19, 1853, its principal object being to furnish the parsonage suitably. At the time of organization it had only 14 members, but by March, 1854, it numbered 63 ladies and 49 gentlemen.

In February, 1854, President Cooke delivered a memorable address on the "Authenticity of the Bible." The subject was announced in advance and the chapel was crowded to the doors. Many were obliged to retire owing to the impossibility of getting inside. It was a powerful address fully appreciated by all who had the good fortune to hear it.

The literary exercises at Lawrence University were attended usually by the citizens of Appleton and vicinity. They were held Saturday morning of each week and much interest was shown by the citizens and a sharp spirit of rivalry was exhibited by the students themselves. There were several societies and the contests were interesting and instructive.

The committee appointed at the donation party held at the house of John F. Johnston in February, 1854, reported that the amount contributed by all reached the sum of $125.77. Of that amount $24.27 was in cash. Large amounts of clothing and provisions were donated and distributed by the committee. The ladies acting at this donation were Mrs. John P. Parish, Mrs. Geo. M. Robinson and Mrs. Perry I. Smith. The donations were intended for the benefit of Mrs. Toner and Mrs. Coffin. Connected with this movement were Daniel Huntley, C. Johnston, Rolla A. Law, Geo. M. Robinson and Wait Cross.

The Baptist church at Appleton was first organized at a school house in 1854 with sixteen members. A building was erected in 1859, 38x58 feet, and seated about 350 persons. It cost about $3,000, but improvements later increased the cost to about $5,000. By 1865 the membership including the Ellington branch of fifteen members, comprised eighty-three members. Of these twenty-eight were members in 1861. The church was originally supplied twice a month by Rev. James Andem whose labors extended less than one year. In November, 1855, Rev. S. Hewett succeeded him and held the position five years. In June, 1861, Rev. D. H. Cooley became pastor and under him the membership in four years was more than doubled. At this date, 1865, Mr. Cooley also ministered to, fifty members of a church at Menasha. In 1865 the Sunday school numbered about 100 with B. B. Murch superintendent. The church possessed a school organ valued at $150.

The Congregational church in 1865 had an organ-melodeon valued at $350 and the Methodist church one valued at $525.

Late in 1854 a paper was circulated to secure subscriptions with which to build an Episcopal church in Appleton. Meetings were held and the subscription list was much increased. There were Methodist, Congregational, Episcopal and Baptist religious services here at this time. In December the Methodists temporarily occupied the basement of their new church although it was yet in an unfinished condition; religious services were held there every evening late in the summer.

The Fond du Lac Union in 1854 called Appleton a "Puritan Village." The people of Appleton accepted the appellation as a compliment. The remark was occasioned by the fact that this community refused to tolerate saloons. "Liquor selling is not permitted by the Appleton Puritans," it was declared. The united Sunday schools of the Protestant denominations of Appleton held a celebration early in October. The Appleton Saxhorn Band furnished the music. The procession was long and attractive and a picnic dinner was enjoyed by several hundred children. Rev. E. Yocum and Prof. N. E. Cobleigh addressed the children at the picnic grounds. In the fall the Methodist appointments for this locality were as follows: A. E.Yocum with A. B. Randall as supply; Lawrence University, E. Cooke, D. D., N. E. Cobleigh, J. S. Prescott, agent, all three being members of the Appleton Quarterly Conference. I. M. Leihy was tract agent at Appleton.

At the meeting held in the Methodist Episcopal church in January, 1855, for the purpose of raising funds to complete the building, there was secured the sum of $510. There was thus left only about $700 of indebtedness on the church. The following were the ministerial appointments of the Methodist Episcopal church in this conference: In the Appleton district E. Yocum was presiding elder; C. G. Lathrop was missionary to the Oneida reservation; J. Rinehart was stationed at Hortonville; Edward Cooke was president of Lawrence University; N. E. Cobleigh, R. Z. Mason, professors, were likewise ministers of the church, and J. S. Prescott, agent of the University, was also permitted to preach in the conference. All of the above were members of the Appleton quarterly conference.

In January a large audience assembled to the Methodist church to hear S. M. Hewlett, state lecturer of the Sons of Temperance, on the subject of prohibition. He was a strong speaker and delivered an address of unusual power. His sallies of wit, humor and mimicry were far beyond all comparison. In January, 1855, the Appleton Saxhorn band gave a concert at the courthouse for the benefit of Mr. Johnston. He was leader of the band, had freely given his services to its progress and success, and now should be rewarded, it was said.

The Fond du Lac Ministerial Association met at Appleton, February.

Sermons were preached by N. E. Cobleigh, M. M. Bennett, M. Himebaugh and I. M. Leihy. Essays were read by E. Yocum, E. Cook, J. S. Prescott, R. Z. Mason, W. E. Sampson, William Spell and F. G. Lathrop. Remarks were made by F. C. Golden, A. B. Randall and N. Himebaugh.

In March, 1855, a donation for the benefit of Rev. E. Yocum was held in the basement of the Methodist church in Appleton. There were present R. R. Bateman and lady; William Johnston and lady; Major S. Macy, Jr., and lady, S. C. Darling and lady, J. G. Brownell and lady, Stephen Sherwin and lady, D. M. Johnston and lady, George M. Robinson and lady, B. F. Barron and lady, John Rosenkrans and lady, Rev. J. S. Prescott and lady, Matthew Wright and lady, George W. Gregory and lady, C. G. Adkins and lady, J. C. Brownell and lady, Capt. A. Story, S. S. Randall, Mark H. Lyon, Thomas E. Brown, George Johnston, Mrs. Johnston, Miss H. E. Woodward, Miss Beech, Miss Maxwell and Miss Kellog. There were present over 300 persons. All took supper and the donations in all aggregated about $170. It was said by the Crescent that, "It was altogether the pleasantest party ever assembled in this village."

In March the report having been circulated that the family of widow Grignon, residing a few miles west of the courthouse was in a state of distress from sickness and poverty, a donation party was given them to supply their needs. The Sons of Temperance tendered the use of their hall, notices were given in the churches, and on Wednesday evening a large crowd assembled. The Crescent said, "And such a crowd; there was hardly standing room; ladies and gentlemen, young and old, were there with their mite; the sum received in all was over $130. A committee consisting of Mrs. Sherwin, Mrs. Stephens, Mrs. Lawe, Mrs. Conkey and Mrs Letcher, were appointed to dispense the donation. Power was given the committee to relieve from this fund other needy widows and their children. This was the fourth donation within two months, making in the aggregat