JULIUS H. BOELTER, senior member of the firm of Boelter & Zuehlke, proprietors of the Riverside Greenhouse, is one of the enterprising young business men of Appleton, Wisconsin, and is well known in the greenhouse trade in this section, having spent all the years of his business activities in that line. Mr. Boelter was born in Germany, September 29, 1880, and was brought from that county to America when he was ten years old by his parents, William and Augusta Boelter, who are now living retired in Appleton. Mr. Boelter received a common school education in Appleton, and later attended business college, then entering the truck gardening and greenhouse business and at the same time attending evening school. In 1903, in partnership with B. J. Zuehlke, he bought the Riverside greenhouse, one of the oldest stands in its line in this section of the county, it having been established by Judge Harriman in 1870, and here they have continued to carry on operations to the present time with unquestioned success. On taking up this property, which comprises one acre of land, they erected all new buildings, placing them in convenient manner and fitting them with every modern appliance, and immediately took their place among the leading firms in this line. They deal both in wholesale and retail, command the services of seven employes and have a trade in cut flowers, ferns, shrubs, trees, bulbs, seeds and floral supplies that demands the operation of two delivery wagons, while their special pieces and made-up designs are in constant demand at gatherings of a social or fraternal nature. Both young men are possessed of much business ability, their rapidly growing business being sufficient proof for this statement.

HENRY W. CARTER, one of the old and honored residents of Grand Chute township, who is engaged in operating a fine farm of 100 acres, is a native of Concord, New Hampshire, where he was born December 14, 1826, a son of Aaron and Eliza (Hazelton) Carter, also natives of that place. Aaron Carter, who had been a farmer and also worked in a ship yard in his native state, came to Wisconsin about 1843 and settled in Racine, where he was employed in a ship yard until he lost his health, and then moved to Waupaca county and engaged in farming, being thus occupied at the time of his death, in 1855. Mrs. Carter continued to live on the property for about ten years, after which she came to live with her son, Henry W., and when she died, about 1904, she was over 100 years of age. Aaron Carter was a well-known man in his community, and was elected to various local offices. Henry W. Carter is the only surviving child of the five children born to his parents, and he secured his education in the public schools of his native place. He was about sixteen years of age when his parents left for the west, and was engaged in tending stage horses at Concord for the carrying of the government mails for about four years, when the railroads came in, and he was employed at construction work for two years. He then drove a team in the city of Nashua, New Hampshire, for seven years, and worked in a livery one year and in a saw mill three years. At this time he decided to come west, and subsequently located in Waupaca county, where he was engaged in farming for nine years, and during the next two years worked in a Calumet county brickyard. In 1876 Mr. Carter came to Grand Chute township, buying a brick yard, and four years later purchased the property adjoining, and until 1909 he worked both the brick yard and the farm, but since the year mentioned has given his whole attention to agricultural pursuits. He has 100 acres of finely cultivated land, on which he carries on general and dairy farming, making a specialty of Jersey cattle. He has added largely to the improvements on this place, being the second owner since it was homesteaded. Mr. Carter has always been a great lover of horses, and he is considered one of the best judges of horseflesh in the county. He has always kept a number of fine animals with him, his fondness for them dating back to the time when as a boy he cared for the stage horses in the east. Mr. Carter is a Democrat in politics, but he has never cared to hold public office. On February 3, 1853, he was married to Mary E. Bixby, who was born in Litchfield, New Hampshire, March 24, 1833, daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Griffin) Bixby, natives of that state, where Mr. Bixby was a boatman and lumberman. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Carter: William H., born in New Hampshire in March, 1854, engaged in farming on a tract near that of his father; and George A., born in Waupaca county, Wisconsin, operating a grain ranch in California. Mr. Carter has long been a member of the Odd Fellows.

AUGUST PAUL, JR., a substantial farmer and public-spirited citizen of Deer Creek township, who owns and cultivates a farm of 120 acres in section 27, is a native of Germany, and was born July 24, 1887, a son of August and Wilhelmina Paul, natives of the Fatherland. They came to America in 1869, settling in Watertown, Wisconsin, where they lived until 1875, then moving to Outagamie county and purchasing forty acres of land in Maple Creek township, where they have since added forty acres by purchase. Mrs. Paul died on this farm, October 8, 1907, aged sixty-nine years, and is buried in Maple Creek Cemetery, while Mr. Paul still resides on the old homestead and is seventy-one years old. On first locating on this land Mr. Paul, with the aid of his sons, chopped down trees, made logs and built a log house 16x16 feet, and a log stable. He had a yoke of oxen, two cows, a wagon, plow and drag, for his equipment, and with these crude implements developed his land into a good farm. Later he bought modern machinery and erected a large frame house and a 34x56 barn, as well as outbuildings and a barbedwire fence. August Paul, Jr., remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, at which time he commenced working for wages, and so continued until marriage, December 15, 1891, when he was united with Miss Paulina Tesch, daughter of Julius and Johannah Tesch, who were also natives of Germany and came to America in 1872, settling in Caledonia township, Waupaca county, where they have resided ever since, Mr. Tesch being sixty-two years old and his wife the same age. They had seven children, and Mrs. Paul, who was the second in order of birth, was born while on the ocean, April 23, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Paul have had six children: Frank, who died when six months old; Clara, Martha, Irvin, Edward and Leona. After his marriage, Mr. Paul continued to work for wages for three years, and he then purchased eighty acres of land in partnership with his brother-in-law in Liberty township, but after a year and six months, in 1899, sold out and moved to the property on which he now resides. There had been but thirty-five acres cleared of timber at that time, and a log house 14x24 feet stood on the property, and a post shed for cattle, and Mr. Paul now has seventy acres under cultivation completely fenced with barbed wire, a ten-room frame house, which he built in 1907, a frame barn 34x68 feet, built in 1901, and a number of substantial outbuildings. He does general farming, raises Jersey and Durham cattle, Poland China hogs and Percheron horses, and markets dairy products. He is independent in his political views, and served as a member of the school board for five years. He and his family are members of the Lutheran Church of Maple Creek township.

JOHN ASHMAN, deceased, who was for many years connected with the contracting and building interests of Appleton, was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 13, 1846, and died June 26, 1892, in Appleton. Mr. Ashman was a son of John Ashman, who came to Wisconsin from North Carolina in 1846 and settled in Milwaukee. John Ashman, Jr., came to Appleton in April, 1866, after having served through the Civil War, during which he was for thirteen months a prisoner in the Confederate stockade at Andersonville, and on first locating in this city worked as a carpenter, contractor and millwright, occupations which he followed throughout his life, being the builder of many large structures and putting up numerous machines in.different parts of the city. Mr. Ashman was married April 22, 1872, to Anna Wichert, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Arndt) Wichert, natives of Germany, who came to the United States and located in New London, Wisconsin, where Mrs. Ashman was born September 13, 1856, five months after the family's arrival here. Mr. Wichert was employed in a mill on first coming to New London, but later engaged in a bakery business, and was so occupied at the time of his death, June 25, 1907, when he was eighty-four years old. Mr. and Mrs. Ashman had a family of eleven children, as follows: Henriette, who married Al Keaters, of Appleton; William, a farmer of Minnesota; Oscar, who resides at Shawano; Elmore, deceased; John H., residing in Appleton; George, deceased; Henry, who lives in Appleton; Emma, who married Herbert Wing, a resident of Omaha; Harrison; and Meta, May and Florence, residing at home.

In 1905 Harrison Ashman established a greenhouse, which he now operates with the assistance of his mother, and they are making an assured success of the enterprise, the business growing steadily and bringing excellent returns. The family residence is located at the same place, and, surrounded by lawns and flowers, is one of Appleton's beautiful residences. The family is connected with the Congregational Church, of which Mr. Ashman was long a member. He was identified with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Odd Fellows, while all the boys of the family are members of the Woodmen.

PATRICK McGLONE, who owns and operates a farm of 160 acres situated in section 24, Deer Creek township, is a native of County Mayo, Ireland, and was born in April, 1849, a son of Michael and Mary (Cunningham) McGlone, the former of whom died in the old country about 1869, while the latter came to America in 1873 and lived with her children until her death, July 11, 1902, at the age of eighty-two years. Patrick McGlone, who was the third of a family of ten children, came to America in 1870, locating at once in New London, Wisconsin, where he worked for wages for about three years and then bought the place on which he now resides, a wild tract to clear which he had only his ax. He first felled trees and built a small log house and barn, and one year later bought a pair of young steers which he broke to the yoke. As time passed by he added modern machinery to his outfit, and in 1895 he built his present residence and in 1902 a modern barn, 40x80 feet. He also built a number of outbuildings for the shelter of his stock and grain, and his property is all under the plow and finely fenced with barbed wire. He does general farming and stock raising, markets dairy products, hogs and cattle and keeps Poland China hogs and Percheron horses. Mr. McGlone was married in 1877 to Miss Ellen McMyler, daughter of Patrick and Mary (Jennings) McMyler, natives of Ireland, who lived and died in the old country. Mrs. McGlone was the seventh of a family of eleven children, and was born about 1853. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. McGlone: Michael, who lives at home; Mary Ann, who married William J. Conlon of Deer Creek township; Hannah, who married Matt McGinness of Deer Creek township; William, living at home; Patrick, of Deer Creek township; Edward, who died at the age of seventeen years; Francis, who resides at home; and two children who died in infancy. Mr. McGlone is a democrat in politics, and for two years served on the board of supervisors of Deer Creek township, as well as being a member of the school board for nine years. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church, and hold membership at Helena, a mission of St. Mary's Church at Welcome.

AUGUST RADEMACHER, who during his active career has always been connected with the grocery business, is now the proprietor of a first-class establishment at No. 820 Richmond street, Appleton. Mr. Rademacher has been a life-long resident of Appleton, having been born in this city July 5, 1875, and is a son of Herman and Annie (Torborg) Rademacher, natives of Germany. Mr. Rade- macher's parents left the Fatherland for the United States in the late '6Os, and on locating in Appleton, Herman Rademacher found employment at his trade of mason, an occupation which he had followed in the old country. He made this his work in Appleton during the entire time of his activities here, and accumulated a competency, enabling him to spend his latter years in comfortable retirement. He and Mrs. Rademacher are both living in Appleton. They had a family of seven children, as follows: Peter, who is engaged in the grocery business in Appleton; John, who is deceased; August; Richard; Herman, who met his death in a railroad accident, and two daughters who died in infancy. August Rademacher was given the advantages of a good education, attending both the public and German schools, and as a young man was employed in a grocery store. Later he became a partner in the business of his brother, at No. 801 Superior street, Appleton, but in February, 1910, sold his interests there and opened an establishment of his own at No. 820 Richmond street, where he carries a full line of staple and fancy groceries and caters to some of the best trade in Appleton. He is a man of progressive ideas and much business ability and is steadily increasing his patronage by his fair methods of dealing and his policy of handling nothing but first-class goods. On September 22, 1909, Mr. Rademacher was united in marriage with Ida Tilly of Appleton, daughter of Charles Tilly. Mrs. Rademacher is a member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church.

GUSTAVE LAUERSDORF, a prominent German-American citizen of Grand Chute township, whose well-cultivated farm of eighty acres is situated on Appleton Rural Route No. 1, was born in Brandenburg, near Berlin, Germany, August 28, 1855, and is a son of Ferdinand and Wilhelmina (Schmidt) Lauersdorf. Gustave Lauersdorf's parents were both born in Germany, his father May 28, 1828, and his mother September 29, 1832, and the former spent his life in that country, his occupation being that of a wharfman. After his death his widow came to the United States, in 1883, to reside with her son, and she died at his home in 1887. Gustave Lauersdorf attended school in his native country and at the age of twenty-seven years came to America, settling first in Appleton, where for two years he worked at the mason's trade. He then began working on farms, and for eleven years was employed by the farmers of this vicinity, at the end of which time he purchased the property which he is now operating. He has made numerous improvements on this land, and his fine, new modern residence is one of the best in this part of the township. He also has a large, substantial barn and other farm buildings, and his property is well fenced, well graded and presents a fine appearance. Mr. Lauersdorf is independent in politics and has never found time to engage actively in political matters, his duties on his farm demanding all of his time and attention. He is a consistent member of the Lutheran Church. On January 26, 1883, Mr. Lauersdorf was united in marriage with Augusta Webber, who was born in Germany, March 3, 1855, daughter of Fred and Ernestina (Beckman) Webber, the former of whom died in Germany, while the latter is making her home with Mr. and Mrs. Lauersdorf. Two children have been born to this union: William Gustave, born September 22, 1884, who married Amelia Timm, a native of Herman, Shawano county, Wisconsin, born December 10, 1883; and Martha, born June 3, 1894, who is single and resides with her parents, being a skilled milliner.

A. G. DOWNER. The grocery interests of Appleton are represented by men of ability and progressive ideas, and during the last few years largely by men of the younger generation, whose success in their chosen line has proved that this line of endeavor is a profitable one if handled in the right manner. A. G. Downer, who conducts a flourishing grocery business at No. 732 Lawe street, belongs to this class of Appleton business men. He is a native of Seymour, Wisconsin, born September 15, 1886. His early education was secured in Seymour. He later attended the Appleton High school, after graduating from which he immediately entered the employ of a wholesale grocery house, with which he continued five years. He gained valuable experience as a salesman on the road for this company, and in February, 1906, embarked in his present business venture, which has proved most successful. On September 15, 1904, A. G. Downer was married to Rowena M. Babb, daughter of Willis M. and Mary (Miller) Babb, and to this union there have been born three children, of whom a son and daughter survive. Mrs. Downer is a consistent member of the Congregational Church. Her husband is a popular fraternal man, belonging to the Blue Lodge and Chapter of the Masonic order, and to the Knights of Pythias.

GUST KONRAD, one of the good farmers and reliable citizens of Deer Creek township, operating eighty acres of land in section 35, was born in Germany, May 22, 1854, a son of John and Caroline Konrad, who lived and died in the Fatherland. Gust Konrad emigrated to America about 1885, first settling in Page county, Illinois, where he remained one year and then located in Wisconsin, where for about fourteen years he worked for wages, during which time he saved enough money to purchase the place which he now operates, which was wild land, Mr. Konrad receiving his patent from the state. During his first year on the property, Mr. Konrad built his house and barn, although about his only equipment on first coming here was his ax. His residence is in two parts, 18x28 feet both ways, and consisting of ten rooms, while his barn, originally 40x66 feet, has been remodeled and now is 40x90 feet in dimension. All but five acres of this property is under cultivation, and it is neatly and substantially fenced with barbed wire. Mr. Konrad's chief occupations have been general farming and stock raising, although he also markets dairy products, hogs, cattle, and some grain, but feeds all of his hay. He has graded Holstein cattle, Chester White hogs and a fine breed of horses. In political matters Mr. Konrad is a Republican, and he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. In 1901, Mr. Konrad was united in marriage with Miss Minnie Paul, daughter of August Paul, an early settler of this'section. Mrs. Konrad was the youngest of a family of six children, and was born May 27, 1875. She and her husband have had one child: Leonard.

ALBERT A. BREITUNG, SR., one of the venerable citizens of Appleton, Wisconsin, where he was for a long period engaged in the blacksmith and wagon making business, is a veteran of, the Civil War, and was born in Prussia, November 11, 1835, a son of August and Amelia (Leonhart) Breitung, the former born in the same country in 1804 and for three year a soldier in the Prussian army. Mr. Breitung's grandfather, Frederick Breitung, was a farmer and hotel keeper. In 1829, August Breitung and Amelia Leonhart were married, a union that resulted in the birth of ten children, and in 1848 they came to America, settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where August Breitung died in 1850. Two years later his widow married William Breitung, and her death occurred in 1885. Albert A. Breitung secured his education in the common schools of his native country, and worked on the home farm in Milwaukee county until his mother's second marriage, at which time he started out in life for himself, the next few years being spent in learning the business of manufacturing fanning mills. In 1854 he purchased the interest of his brother's partner, Norman Bucks, in the fanning mill business, the firm having been established in 1853, and after following that occupation in the winters and carpentering in the summers for a few years, the brothers moved down the river, and in 1859 rented a shop and continued in business until 1863. In that year Mr. Breitung enlisted in Company G, First Wisconsin Cavalry, under Captain Charles Robinson, attached to the Army of the Cumberland, and on July 28, 1864, he was captured at the battle of Atlanta while his regiment was making a charge. He was sent first to Andersonville, later to Charleston and eventually to Florence, but after imprisonment of seven months and seventeen days, on the near approach of Sherman's army, he was released and sent to Richmond, and thence down the James river to General Butler's camp, from whence he was sent to Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri. From March until May, 1865, he remained at home sick, and then returned to his regiment, and was finally discharged August 2, 1865, after having participated in a number of desperate struggles, in all of which he displayed the greatest bravery and loyalty to his country. On completing his army service, Mr. Breitung resumed his work as a carpenter, and in 1868 formed a partnership with Christ Heinz and engaged in wagon making and blacksmithing, purchasing his partner's interest in 1872 and continuing the business alone on a large scale until his permanent retirement, since which time he has lived a quiet life at Appleton. In April, 1856, Mr. Breitung was married to Miss Jane Ketchum, a native of Onondaga county, New York, and they had eleven children, as follows: Edwin E., Henry A., Hattie E., Albertina, Frank, Ralph, Amelia, William and three who died in infancy. In 1879 Mrs. Breitung died and two years later Mr. Breitung was married to Emilie A. Klene, three children being born to this union: Albert A., Rudolph C. and Emilie A. Mr. Breitung is a Democrat in his political views, and he has served in various township offices. He was for a number of years a prominent Odd Fellow, holding positions of honor in that lodge, and was also connected with the Sons of Hermann in an official capacity. He has spent many years in this part of the country, and has taken an active part in the growth and developments of Appleton and Outagamie county.

ANDREW FISCHER. Outagamie county is indebted to Germany for many of her loyal and substantial citizens, and among these Andrew Fischer, who is engaged in agricultural pursuits in Center township, takes high rank. He is a son of Martin Fischer, who came to this country at the close of the War of the Rebellion, bringing his wife and son, the latter then nineteen years old. Mrs. Fischer who bore the maiden name of Thullia Fischer, died when Andrew was a youth, and Mr. Fischer had married again. Landing at New York, the family came direct to Outagamie county, where Martin Fischer purchased seventy-four acres of land in the woods of Center township, on which a log house was located. This property has now become one of the fertile, productive farms of the township, and the numerous improvements have caused it to advance in value year by year. Beginning as a stretch of heavily timbered soil, on which it was next to impossible to plant a paying crop, a part was soon put under cultivation by Martin Fischer and his son, and when once the start had been made the advance was rapid. Substantial buildings have been erected, fences built and the land graded and drained, and is now considered one of the valuable tracts of Center township. Martin Fischer lived on this property until his retirement in 1897, at which time he moved to Mackville, and there his death occurred in 1907.

Andrew Fischer was born June 14, 1847, in Germany, and he secured all of his schooling in his native country. Since coming to America he has always worked on a farm, and has been energetic and progressive, still carrying on the active duties of the home place despite the fact that he was injured severely in a runaway accident several years ago. His good management of the affairs of the farm have made possible the adding to its acreage, and he is considered a representative farmer and good citizen. In 1877, Mr. Fischer was married to Elizabeth Schmidknuz, daughter of Charles Schmidknuz, a farmer of Center township, and they have had seven children: Annie, Theresa, Charles, Frank, Louise, Joseph and Emma. Mr. and Mrs. Fischer belong to St. Edward's Catholic Church at Mackville.

FRED BOHL, who during a. long and active career was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Outagamie county, has now retired and is living in Appleton in the enjoyment of the fruits of his many years of labor. Born in Germany, June 6, 1849, he is a son of John and Marie (Schroeder) Bohl, natives of the Fatherland who came to the United States with their family in 1866, and located in Outagamie county. John Bohl purchased land in Center township, and after clearing his property from the timber, moved to Ellington township ,where he spent the remainder of his life in farming. He was very successful in his agricultural operations, and became one of the substantial farmers and much esteemed citizens of his section. Four children were born to John and Marie Bohl, of whom one is deceased, and Fred was the second in order of birth. Fred Bohl received his education in the schools of Center township, and as a youth worked on his father's farm, being reared to the life of an agriculturist which he followed during all the years of his activity. In 1881 he took charge of the home place in Center township, and in 1894 accompanied his parents to Ellington township, where he was engaged in general farming until his retirement in 1907. In 1911 he disposed of this excellent property. Mr. Bohl was married in 1873, to Amelia Winters, who was born in Germany and came to the United States with her parents. Of the nine children born to this union, four are deceased, and those surviving are as follows: John, August, Annie, Charles and Fred. Mr. and Mrs. Bohl are members of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. He is very much interested in educational work and has given his influence to any movement of an educational nature that has been forwarded in this section. For a number of years he was a member of the township board in Ellington township.

JOSEPH ELLENBECKER, a prominent farmer of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, who in partnership with his brother, Louis, is operating a tract of 200 acres of land, of which sixty acres are located in Grand Chute township and 140 in Greenville township, was born on his present farm, February 26, 1867, a son of John and Margaret (Pommes) Ellenbecker, natives of Belgium, where the father was born in 1809, and the mother in 1836. They came to the United States in 1861, and for a few months resided in Appleton, at which time John Ellenbecker bought a farm of forty acres of wild land, which was the nucleus of the present fine farm of his sons. He died on that property, to which he had added an additional forty acres, in 1893, and his widow followed him to the grave, January 24, 1910. They were the parents of nine children: William, who is deceased; Nicholas, residing in Greenville township; Joseph; Anna and Lizzie, deceased; Louis, residing with Joseph; Sophia, the wife of Nicholas Weyland, a farmer of Grand Chute township; Mary, single, living in Marshfield; Theresa, the wife of Paul Hine, a cheesemaker of Greenville township. Joseph Ellenbecker attended school in Grand Chute township, and when eighteen years of age began working in the lumber woods during the winter months, while his summers were spent in farm work. He continued thus for about eight years, and then returned to the homestead, also buying another forty acres which he afterwards sold, in Greenville township. He has added to his farm from time to time, and the brothers are now in possession of one of the handsomest properties in Grand Chute township. General and dairy farming have been engaged in here, together with stock raising, and improvements have been made from time to time, old buildings being replaced by new, and crude machinery by the best to be had. Mr. Ellenbecker bears the reputation of bing a practical, scientific farmer, and is known as a citizen that can be depended upon to support any movement which has for its object the betterment of his community in any way. On January 26, 1909, Mr. Ellenbecker was married to Mary Biersteker, who was born in the North of Holland, February 7, 1869, daughter of Adrian and Mary (Langedyk) Biersteker, natives of that country, where the father was born October 7, 1821, and the mother September 12, 1829. The family came to the United States in May, 1886, first settling at Marinette, Wisconsin, where the boys were employed in the saw mills. Two years later they removed to Fort Atkinson, and after two years spent at that point went to Depere, where three years were spent. At this time they removed to Little Chute, and there the mother died in 1893, and Mr. Biersteker went back to Depere and lived with his children until his death, May 13, 1909. He had been a farmer in his native country, but after coming to the United States lived retired. He and his wife had these children: Jacob, residing retired in Little Chute; Cornelius, a farmer of Morrison township, Brown county; Anna, the wife of John Hogeland, residing in Canton, Price county; Nellie, the wife of John Beemster; Sophia, the wife of Jean DeBruyer, of Depere; Peter, a farmer of Amburg, Wisconsin; and Mary, Mrs. Ellenbecker. Mrs. Ellenbecker attended school in her native country, and also spent six weeks in school at Little Chute. She and her husband are members of the Roman Catholic Church at Little Chute. He is independent politically.

JOHN KRONER, one of the old and honored residents of Seymour township, Outagamie county, who has been engaged in agricultural pursuits in this section for upwards of forty years, is deserving of more than passing mention for the part he has taken in the development of this locality. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 4, 1838, a son of Mike and Mary (Chealphalberg) Kroner, who spent their lives in Germany, the father dying there in 1870, at the age of seventy years, and the mother in 1874, when sixty-seven years of age. They had seven children, namely: Lawrence, Joseph, Mike, John, Jacob, Andrew and Mary, of whom John, Jacob and Andrew survive. John Kroner was married in Germany in 1868, and in the year 1872, with his brother Mike, he came to the United States, another brother, Andrew, following them here two years later. Mr. Kroner and his family resided at Appleton, Wisconsin, for one year after coming to this country, and then moved to the property on which he now resides. Seymour township at this time was one vast wilderness, the roads being but blazed trails and land boundaries vague, and uncertain, and it took men made of stern stuff to brave the dangers and endure the hardships incident to the clearing of this then new section. John Kroner first made a little clearing on his property and built a log house for his family and a log stable for the few head of live stock which he possessed, and then settled down to clear the forty acres which were his original purchase. After this had been accomplished he added another tract of forty acres, twelve of which had been cleared, and still another forty acres were purchased later on. All of the land is now under cultivation with the exception of twenty acres, and there is a twelve-room residence and 40x70 foot barn, in addition to other substantial buildings on the property. He has met with success in his agricultural operations, and his livestock is considered of a superior quality. Mr. Kroner is a Democrat in politics, but he has never found time to hold public office.

Mr. Kroner was married in Germany, in 1868, to Teckle Drisile, who was born April 3, 1843, daughter of Nick and Teresa Drisile, who spent their lives in the old country. They had four children: Max, Teckle, Teresa and Francis. Mr. and Mrs. Kroner have had the following children, of whom the first three were born in Germany: Teresa, now Mrs. Hartl of Manitowoc, Wisconsin; Joseph; Mary, who is deceased; Anna, who married Jake Kushaal; Katie, who married Joseph Linesmyer; Frances, who married Joe Ulmer; Agnes, who married Frank Stuckart; John, who married Agnes Kalhofer; and Mike, who married Anna Weininger. The family are members of the Catholic Church.

FRANK FISCHER, one of the influential citizens of Center township, who has been prominent in local matters, and especially in securing good roads for this locality, is residing in the log house on the farm first settled on by his father, in the early '60s. The father, Joseph Fischer, was a native of Germany who came to the United States with his wife Margaret, and his seven children. Landing at New York, he at once made his way to Outagamie county, settling in the woods of Center township, where he built the log house and settled down to clear his land. The excellent state of preservation which the house is still in is something by which the character of this sturdy German pioneer can be judged. Thoroughness, excellence of work and stanch building, together with an admirable ability for securing the best materials, made this structure one that could defy the ravages of time and go on, year after year, performing its duty as a comfortable and ample shelter for members of the family. Joseph Fischer spent the rest of his life on this property and died in 1898, his widow surviving him but three years.

Frank Fischer was born in 1868, on the farm which he now owns, and his education was secured in the district schools of Center township. After completing his studies he settled down to farm work, and he and his brother, Antone, are now operating this excellent property, carrying on general farming and dairying, and also engaging in stockraising to some extent. Mr. Fischer has always been a hard worker, and has not confined his hard work to his own interests, as his success in securing better roads for Center township will testify. He is a consistent member and liberal supporter of St. Edward's Catholic Church at Mackville.

PATRICK COTTER, who belongs to a family that numbers among its representatives some of the earliest settlers of Outagamie county, is himself a pioneer of this section, and is now living retired in Appleton after a long and useful career spent in agricultural pursuits. His uncles, David and Patrick Barry, were the first two white settlers of Outagamie county in the Center township section, one purchasng a Mexican War veteran's land warrant and the other entering land from the Government, both in section 37, probably as early as 1848. Patrick Cotter was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, February 19, 1836, and is a son of James and Margaret (Barry) Cotter, natives of Ireland, who came to the United States in 1820 and located first in Pennsylvania, later moving to Ohio, and coming thence to Outagamie county in 1850, settling in Center township, where Mr. Cotter entered land. The remainder of their lives was spent in this section, Mr. Cotter being engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout the years of his activity. He had a family of eight children, of whom three sons and one daughter came to Outagamie county, and the daughter is the only survivor of the family besides Patrick Cotter. The latter was educated in the public schools of Columbiana county, Ohio, and was reared to an agricultural life, working on his father's farm in Outagamie county until entering the lumber woods, where for twelve years he worked at driving logs on the river and at kindred occupations. At the age of twenty years he purchased a farm in Freedom township, which he later sold to purchase a property in Center township, and here he carried on farming until 1901, when he retired and moved to Appleton. He sold his farm to his son in 1906. In addition to farming, Mr. Cotter was engaged for many years in raising Holstein and Jersey cattle, and also did a large business in the line of dairying.

On May 31, 1866, Mr. Cotter was married to Sarah Rodgers, who was born in Ohio, daughter of Joseph Rodgers, who died May 28, 1886, leaving ten children: Mary E., who lives with her father; John, a resident of Kansas City; Margaret, who married John Long, of Chicago; Joseph, James and William, who are deceased; Thomas, residing on the old home farm in Center township; Anna, who married Frank Krause, of Chicago; Katherine, who married Charles Heibig, of West Bend, Wisconsin; and Alice, who married John Hahn, of Sauk City, Wisconsin. Mr. Cotter has always been a great advocate of education, has given his children a fine training, and for twenty years was clerk of the school board in Center township.

JOSEPH STEVEN ULLMER, clerk of Seymour township, secretary of the Ullmer Cheese Factory, and one of the energetic and progressive young dairy farmers of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, was born in Howard township, Brown county, Wisconsin, October 8, 1885, a son of Joseph and Mary (Reinhardt) Ullmer. Joseph Ullmer was born in Baden, Germany, where his father had died when he was three years old, and at the age of fifteen years he came to the United States alone, following the blacksmith trade, which he had learned in his native country, for the seven years following his arrival in this country. After his marriage, he located on a farm on Duck Creek, in Brown county, but after twelve years returned to the blacksmith trade, eventually taking up farming again after a short period and continuing agricultural operations on Duck Creek until his death in 1910, at the age of fifty-seven years. Mrs. Ullmer, who still survives, is fifty-five years old. Their children were: Louis, Henry, Joseph, William, August, Charles, Leo, Mathias, Lawrence, Emily, Louisa, Mary, Clara and Cecil all being now alive except August.

Joseph Steven Ullmer was educated in the district schools of Brown county and the Green Bay Business College and later took a course in dairying at the Madison Agricultural. College. He then began work as a butter and cheese maker, which he followed at various places for about eight years, and in 1911 located on his dairy farm on section 2, a tract of eighty acres with fine pastures and cleanly, well-kept dairy barns. The cheese factory has a capacity of 10,000 pounds, and the business is growing steadily. Mr. Ullmer is treasurer of the Catholic Church at Isaar, and in 1910 he was elected to the office of clerk of Seymour township, a position which he still holds. Mr. Ullmer was married in 1896 to Frances Kroner, a daughter of John and Teckle (Drisile) Kroner, natives of Germany, and to this union there has been born one son: Norbert.

EMIL W. SCHARMANN, one of the enterprising young agriculturists of Center township, Outagamie county, who is cultivating an excellent tract of 120 acres, was born October 27, 1880, on the old family homestead farm in Black Creek township, a son of John and Caroline (Mesabach) Scharmann. John Scharmann was born in Germany, from whence he came as a young man, and after landing in New York came directly west to Milwaukee. He followed the trade of blacksmith in the Cream City for some years and then moved to Black Creek township, Outagamie county, where he purchased wild land, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout the remainder of his active career, his death occurring in 1896. Mrs. Scharmann, who survives her husband, resides in Appleton. They had a family of twelve children.

Emil W. Scharmann attended the district schools of Black Creek township until he had reached the age of fourteen years, and from that time on until he was seventeen, he was engaged in working around the home farm. When he was seventeen he decided to become a carpenter, and subsequently learned the trade, which he followed until his marriage, in 1905, to Minnie Pingle, daughter of Fred and Dora Pingle, farming people of Center township. After marriage, Mr. Scharmann removed to his present farm, a finely developed tract of 120 acres lying in Center township, which he has brought to a highly productive state, and here he has carried on general farming to the present time. Mr. Scharmann believes in farming along scientific lines, and uses the latest improved machinery in his operations. He keeps good, healthy cattle and hogs, and uses good draft horses in his farm work. He has always found a ready market for his dairy products, their cleanliness and excellence having recommended them to a large patronage. In political matters Mr. Scharmann is independent, voting rather for the man than the party, and not being inclined to seek public preferment for himself. With Mrs. Scharmann he attends the German Lutheran Church at Center, of which both are active and liberal members. They have had two children: Wilbert, born April 27, 1906; and Emil, born July 23, 1910.

ROGER HARRISON WILLIAMS, deceased, who for a period of thirty years was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Bovina township, died October 8, 1911, after a long life filled with usefulness. Born October 22, 1847, at Freedom, Ohio, he was a son of Thomas G. and Eunice P. (Clark) Williams, natives of Ohio, and he came from that state to Wisconsin in 1869, locating at Hortonville, where for about nine years he was engaged in the drug business with Dr. Stratton. He then moved to Bovina township, Outagamie county, and during the remainder of his life he was engaged in tilling the soil. He retired on a comfortable competency in 1907 and took up his residence in Appleton, where his death took place and where his widow still resides. Mr. Williams was married October 16, 1883, to Flora Skinner, born in Bovina township, daughter of William and Louise Skinner, of Freedom, Ohio, who came to this county at an early day and are now deceased. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Williams, as follows: Eunice, a graduate of the Appleton High school, and Tessiem, Cora and Grace. Mr. Williams was a member of the Baptist Church, but his widow and children are connected with the Congregational denomination. He was well known in fraternal circles, being for many years a popular member of the Woodmen.

CHARLES CHRISTOPHERSEN, a well-known resident of Seymour township, Outagamie county, who in addition to carrying on farming operations on section 29 is discharging the duties connected with the position of sexton of the Seymour City Cemetery, was born in Shawnee county, Wisconsin, August 3, 1870, and is a son of Christ and Sarah (Helgesen) Christophersen. Christ Christophersen was born in Norway, and as a young man came to Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, where he worked at the tanner's trade until locating on an eighty-acre farm in Shawnee county. Like so many of the early settlers, his first home here was a log cabin, which was later replaced by a good frame dwelling as soon as the land had become productive, and the rest of his life was spent on this farm, where he died in October, 1901, aged sixty-three years. Mrs. Christopherson still lives in Shawnee county. Thirteen children were born to this worthy couple, namely: Charles, Edward, Anna Mary, Anton, Hans, Albert, Martin, Clara, Selma, Otto, Oscar Marion and one who died in infancy.

Charles Christophersen received his education in the district schools of Shawnee county and worked at home until he had reached the age of twenty-five years, when he began working in the woods during the winter months and spending the summers on the home farm. Eventually he acquired a tract of sixty acres of partly improved land in Shawnee county, which he tilled until 1903, and in that year purchased twenty-eight acres in section 29, Seymour township, to which he has subsequently added seven acres. He carries on general farming and gardening, and has charge of the cemetery for the city of Seymour. In 1899, Mr. Christophersen was married to Matilda Christensen, a native of Shawnee county and daughter of Walter Christensen, and three children have been born to this union, namely: Elma, Chester and Marvin.

ROBERT TIEDT. Outagamie county is noted for its men who have a thorough knowledge of agricultural conditions and the science of raising stock. Probably the conditions in this part of the state are as near ideal as anywhere for the raising of large crops of grain, while the fertile pasture lands afford excellent grazing grounds for the cattle, and make Wisconsin's dairy products known all over the country. One of the successful farmers of Outagamie county is Robert Tiedt, who is farming the old Tiedt family homestead, in Center township. He is a son of Charles Tiedt, a native of Germany, who came to the United States when a young man, with his wife, Augusta, and three children. Locating in Outagamie county, Wisconsin, he purchased wild land in Black Creek township, on which he remained for four or five years and then came to Center township, living on his farm here until his death in 1907. His wife still survives him. Robert Tiedt, who was one of a family of six, was born December 5, 1873, in Black Creek township, and received his education in Center township and one term in the Ryan High school at Appleton. After completing his education he returned to the home farm, which he helped his father cultivate, and then moved to the property adjoining that of Charles Tiedt. This he farmed until 1911, and in that year bought the original family homestead in Center township, on which he has been carrying on operations ever since. His land is one of Center township's good farms, and it is kept in the best of repair, being neatly and thoroughly fenced and equipped with a full quota of farm buildings, a, large barn and a substantial residence.

In 1895, Mr. Tiedt was married to Liza Cannock, daughter of Henry and Minnie Cannock, natives of Germany, who became farming people of Center township. Of the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Tiedt, three survive: Salina, born in 1896; Alvin, born in 1900, and Hilda, born in 1902. William died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Tiedt are members of the German Lutheran Church of Black Creek.

JOHN SCHWAMER, who is serving in his fourth year as chairman of the township board, is one of the public-spirited citizens and representative agriculturists of Center township. He was born February 6, 1868, in Germany, a son of Carl and Lotta (Matthews) Schwamer, who came from Germany to the United States in 1872 with their two sons, August and John, and settled in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, where Carl Schwamer was employed by the month on farms for six years. At the end of this time the family came to Center township, Outagamie county, where Mr. Schwamer purchased land, and this he farmed until 1904, in which year he moved to Ellington township, and there his death occurred in 1909, when he had reached the age of sixty-eight years. Mrs. Schwamer still survives her husband and makes her home in Ellington township. They had a family of seven children, of whom four still are living.

John Schwamer received his education in the district schools of the neighborhood of the family home in Center township, having to give up a high school education on account of his father being seriously injured by the fall of a tree, which made it necessary that young Schwamer should devote his time and attention to the duties of the home farm. He was engaged in cultivating this tract until he reached the age of twenty years, at which time he decided to become a carpenter, and subsequently learned the trade, but after following it for six or seven years, he went back to the farm, where he has since been carrying on very successful operations. He raises large crops of grain, and also ships hogs and cattle to the markets, where they find a ready sale. Mr. Schwamer has a well-cultivated, neatly-kept tract, with good substantial buildings and a fine residence. On April 26, 1891, he was married to Ida Heiden, who was born in Center township in 1872, daughter of Carl and Henrietta (Bauer) Heiden, and seven children have been born to this union, of whom Laura died aged eight years; Orie died when one and one-half years old, and Irene passed away when two years of age, while Arnold, Walter, Zelma and John reside at home. Mr. and Mrs. Schwamer are members of the German Lutheran Church of Ellington township. In political matters Mr. Schwamer is a Republican, and he has served as supervisor several years and as assessor for three years, while he is now serving for the fourth year as chairman of the township board of trustees.

MARTIN STRIEGEL, one of the early settlers of the vicinity of the town of Mackville, Outagamie county, Wisconsin, justice of the peace, proprietor of a general store and for many years a prominent man in public affairs in this section of Center township, was born about seventeen miles northwest of Milwaukee, in the town of Germantown, October 8, 1849, a son of Martin Striegel. The parents of Mr. Striegel, who were natives of Germany, came to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, when that city had a population of less than 1,000 inhabitants, took up land under the Government homestead laws, and here died when the young Martin was but five or six years of age. He accordingly went to live with his uncle, Andrew Striegel, and attended the district schools for four months, securing the rest of his education in the church school. At the age of thirteen years he went to work for himself for six months, and he was then bound out to another farmer by his uncle for a year. At the end of this time he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for three years in the same shop in which he had served his apprenticeship, and during several years thereafter worked in various shops in the country. In 1870 he was married to Barbara Scherl, daughter of John and Barbara Scherl, natives of Germany who came to the United States and settled in Milwaukee, where Mrs. Striegel was born October 24, 1853. After his marriage, Mr. Striegel opened a shop of his own at Binghampton postoffice, where he had a farm of sixty-four acres, part being in Black Creek and part in Center township, and stayed there fifteen years, the first two years of which his brother Simon was his business partner. When he left there he was the owner of 148 acres of land, and he also purchased the seventy-four acre tract which he now owns, and on which he has erected a fine residence, good barns and other buildings. Here he is now conducting a general store. During the first year he came to this property, he operated the cheese factory located on the land, but this is now being conducted by other parties who rent from Mr. Striegel. This property forms a part of what is now known as Mackville, of which town Mr. Striegel was postmaster for four years, his term expiring when the rural free delivery service came into effect. He was town treasurer for seven years, school trustee for several years and for the past twelve years he has been justice of the peace. He was also treasurer of the church for many years. He and Mrs. Striegel belong to St. Edward's Catholic Church at Mackville. He was one of the earliest settlers of this part of the country, and has seen the country develop from a wilderness into a land of prosperity. During the many years that he has lived here he has done his full share in helping this development, and he is honored and esteemed as one of Center township's representative men and good citizens.

Of the twelve children born to Mr. and Mrs. Striegel, nine are now living: Margaret, who married John Deml, of Grand Chute township; John, who married Rosa Kohl, of Grand Chute township; Mary, who married Joseph Griesbach; Andrew, who married Theresa Breidenbach of Black Creek township; Catherine, who married Antone Decker, of Seymour township; Regina, who married William Kohl, of Grand Chute township; and Joseph, George and Peter, residing at home.

JAMES D. O'LEARY, who has been a resident of Appleton for nearly a quarter of a century, is now engaged in business here with John P. Ritze. He was born at Cambridge, Washington county, New York, in September, 1863, and is a son of James and Abbie E. (McGrath) O'Leary, natives of Ireland, who were married in New York. Mrs. O'Leary died in New York, and in 1866 James O'Leary brought his six children to Wisconsin, locating first at Hortonville, and removing later to Oshkosh, where he married Mary Hollahan, of Hoboken, New York. In later years he removed to Appleton, and eventually went to Milwaukee where the last years of his life were spent in quiet retirement, and there he died July 10, 1900. The children born to James D. and Abbie E. O'Leary were as follows: William, who is living in Sydney, Australia; Mrs. Thomas Ward, a resident of Milwaukee; Mrs. Susan Brown, who lives in Tacoma, Washington; Mary Ann, who is deceased; James D.; and Martin, who lost his life in a street car accident. James D. O'Leary spent most of his early years in Oshkosh, from which city he went West for seven years and came thence to Appleton in 1887, having resided here ever since. For nine years he was located at the Sherman House, and in 1896 he engaged in a saloon business on Appleton avenue, which he has carried on successfully to the present time, admitting John P. Ritze as a partner in July, 1910. Mr. O'Leary is a self-made man, is possessed of much business ability and is very popular with his patrons. He was married January 1, 1896, to Catherine Vaughan, of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, daughter of William and Margaret (Cox) Vaughan, and to this union there have been born four children, namely: James, Mary, Margaret and John.

ORRIN JOHNSON, a general farmer and stock raiser of Seymour township, whose property is located on section 30, was born May 29, 1869, in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, and is a son of Edward and Martha (Gibbs) Johnson. Edward Johnson, who is a native of the state of New York, came to Waukesha county, Wisconsin, prior to the Civil War, in which he served as a member of Company F, Seventeenth Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry for over two years. In 1884 he located in Seymour township, on a tract of eighty-seven acres, and after selling this property to his son, he moved across the road, where his death occurred November 21, 1910, his wife still surviving him and living there. Their children were: Elery, Emery, Orrin and Jeanette.

Orrin Johnson was educated in the schools of Waukesha county, and when he had reached manhood he purchased the farm in section 30 from his father. He has continued to reside on this property to the present time, engaging in farming and raising valuable stock, and his land is well cultivated and equipped with good buildings. He was married in 1898 to Blanche Sherman, who was born in Cicero township, daughter of David Sherman, an old settler of that township, and to this union there have been born two children: Norman and Elton.

NICHOLAS REILAND, one of Center township's good, practical agriculturists, whose present finely-cultivated farm was a waste of stones, stumps and brush not many decades ago, was born February 10, 1860, at Menominee Falls, Waukesha county, Wisconsin, a son of Michael and Anna Catherine (Coster) Reiland. Michael Reiland was born in Germany, and came to the United States when a young man, first settling near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he spent four or five years in agricultural pursuits. He then moved to Minnesota, where he has since resided. Mrs. Reiland, also a native of the Fatherland, passed away in 1906. Nicholas was the only child of his parents, and his education was secured in the district schools of Waukesha county. As a youth he commenced working out on the farms of his neighborhood, by the month, and by industry and economy had accumulated enough in 1885 to take up his present farm, which was then wild and uncultivated. He immediately started in to clear it from the brush, and soon had a crop planted, and as the years passed by each found him with more of his property under the plow, until he now has the entire tract in a high state of cultivation. He has a fine home, substantial barns and other good buildings, and his property presents a neat and pleasing appearance.

In the fall of 1885, Mr. Reiland was united in marriage with Miss Louisa Moder, the estimable daughter of Andrew Moder, of Appleton, and to this union there have been born five children, namely: Katherine, who is living in Appleton; and George, Anna, Mary and Louise, all single and living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Reiland are constant attendants and well known members of St. Edward's church of the Catholic faith, at Mackville.

WILLIAM H. TAGGART, a member of one of the old, well known families of Outagamie county, is a son of John Taggart who was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1837. When a young man John Taggart came to the United States, and in New York state met and married Mary Ann Tatrow, who was a daughter of Francis Tatrow, a native of France. In 1868 Mr. Taggart came to Outagamie county, Wisconsin, and located on a farm in the town of Kaukauna where he now resides. William H. Taggart was born in the state of New York on May 23, 1868, and is one in a family of eleven children. His education was acquired in the district schools and, as he says, "in the woods." As a lad he worked on his father's farm, and after he was sixteen years old spent some time in lumbering in the woods. In 1894 he married Miss Christiana Lambie, born June 2, 1875, on the old Lambie home farm in this town, a daughter of William Lambie. To Mr. and Mrs. Taggart nine children have been born, as follows: John, Mary, William, Carl, Melvin, Gerald, Margarette, Marion and Lillian. After his marriage Mr. Taggart moved to the farm given him as a wedding present and which was then but slightly improved. By intelligent cultivation and industry he has greatly improved his property with modern conveniences and equipment, and he is conceded to be one of the progressive and enterprising men of his town.

PETER MAES, deceased, whose accidental death occurred September 13, 1893, while in the performance of his daily tasks in the paper mill of the Badger Paper Company, at Kaukauna, Wisconsin, was a quiet, industrious and self respecting man who had been in the paper manufacturing industry for seven years and was much respected by his employers. He was born at Little Chute, Wisconsin, August 2, 1863, and was a son of Peter and Joanna Maes. The father is deceased but the mother still lives and resides at Kaukauna. Peter Maes was a member of the Holy Cross Roman Catholic church at Kaukauna. He belonged also to the Catholic Knights and carried insurance in the Oshkosh Accident Insurance Company. Peter Maes was married in 1883 to Miss Anna Joosten, daughter of Walter and Minnie (Ebben) Joosten. The father of Mrs. Maes is a retired farmer and the family was a pioneer one in Outagamie county. Four sons were born to Mr. and Mrs. Maes: John, Peter, William and Harry. All have been afforded good educational opportunities. With their mother they attend St. Mary's Roman Catholic church at Appleton.

HERMAN LECKER, who ranks among the well-to-do agriculturists of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, is the owner of a fine farm of eighty acres situated in Center township. He is a native of Germany and a son of Frederick Lecker, who was born in the Fatherland during the early '30s and came to the United States in 1853, settling in Milwaukee, where he lived for about fifteen years. He then purchased land in Granville, about seven miles north of Milwaukee, to which he brought his wife, Christina, and four children, Hannah, Gottlieb, Paulina and Herman, who had been born in Germany, and four other children born in Washington county, Wisconsin. Mr. Lecker continued to reside on this property until after the close of the Civil War, when he removed to Grand Chute township, Outagamie county, buying 120 acres of land, on which he spent the remainder of his days in agricultural pursuits, and died in 1890. At the time of his death he had cleared the entire property, although when he located there only thirty acres had been cleared. He had also made many improvements, including the erection of a residence and good barns, but the latter have since been torn down, and Mr. Lecker's brother has built one of the finest barns in Outagamie county.

Herman Lecker was born in Germany, September 22, 1851, and was two years old when the family came to the United States, his education being secured in the schools near Milwaukee. He was reared to the occupation of a farmer, and his youth was spent in working on various farms until his father secured the tract in Grand Chute township, on which he worked until his marriage, in 1883, to Hermina Schilling, daughter of David and Caroline Schilling, one of the oldest and best-known farming families of Grand Chute. Mrs. Lecker was born in 1855, near Oshkosh, Wisconsin. After his marriage, Mr. Lecker received forty acres of land for his services to his father, and to this he added the forty acres adjoining, but after five years he sold this property and bought the eighty acres that comprise his present farm. Here, in addition to making extensive improvements to the residence, he has erected a large, new barn. He is engaged in general farming, and is considered one of the good, practical farmers of his section. Mr. Lecker has two children: Nora, born May 14, 1889, and Amos, born January 1, 1888, both residing at home, the latter being a graduate of the Appleton Business College. Mr. and Mrs. Lecker are members of St. Peter's Lutheran Church of Center township, and in political matters he is a staunch supporter of the principles of the republican party.

FRANK J. HARTZHEIM, an enterprising and progressive young farmer of Buchanan township, who is operating forty-three acres of valuable farming land situated in section 34, is now making his home with his uncle, Fred Hartzheim, who lives in Calumet county on the line opposite the land now being cultivated by Frank J. Hartzheim. The latter was born July 24, 1882, in Outagamie county, Wisconsin, and is a son of Andrew and Lena (Miller) Hartzheim, natives of the fatherland who were married in Wisconsin and after marriage settled in Buchanan township, where Mrs. Hartzheim died in 1889. Andrew Hartzheim is living in Shawano county, having reached the age of sixty-one years. Frank J. Hartzheim was the oldest of a family of five children, of whom one other child is living: Sophia, who is single and a resident of Appleton. After his mother's death Mr. Hartzheim was reared until he was twelve years old in the Orphans' Home, and at that time began to work to support himself, continuing to work at various occupations for wages until 1906, when he rented his father's property of forty-three acres in section 34, where he has continued to operate ever since. He carries on general farming, in which he has been satisfactorily successful, and he has maintained the respect and esteem that have been his as a self-made man. Mr. Hartzheim is single. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, votes with the democratic party, and attends the Holy Angels church at Darboy, Wisconsin.

MICHAEL JOHN McCARTHY, the owner of a fine farm of 170 acres, located in Grand Chute township, which he devotes to the breeding of fine live stock, was born in Center township, Outagamie county, Wisconsin, October 3, 1865, and is a son of Stephen and Margaret (Stoffel) McCarthy, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Bavaria, Germany. Stephen McCarthy came to the United States during the early '50s, and for ten years was employed as a farm hand in New York State. He then came to Center township, settling on a farm which he had bought three years before without seeing it, and there he continued to farm until his death, August 20, 1901. He rose to a position of prominence in his community and was elected to various local offices by his fellow townsmen. His widow, who survives him and resides on the farm, is one of the well known and much beloved ladies of that section. They had the following children: Helena, the wife of Michael Farrell, residing at Menasha; Michael John; Timothy, who lives in Grand Chute township; Etta, deceased, who was a Sister in the Good Shepherd Convent, St. Louis; Stephen, a foreman in a rolling mill at Milwaukee; William, a Center township farmer; Katherine, deceased, who was a Sister in the Good Shepherd Convent; Mollie, single, living with her brother William; Joseph, deceased, who was a dentist in Milwaukee, and Johnnie, who is living on the old homestead with his mother. Michael J. McCarthy received a limited education in the public schools of Grand Chute township, his help being needed on the home farm when he was a boy. He remained with his parents until he was thirty-two years old, and was then married and moved to the farm which he now operates, which he had purchased some time before. He now has 170 acres of land, 155 acres being under cultivation and the rest in timber, and he operates this as a stock farm, making a specialty of Holstein cattle, registered stock, bred for dairy purposes, of which he keeps a large number on hand continually. He devotes his entire time to his stock raising, and has a farm equipment that is thoroughly up-to-date in every respect. Mr. McCarthy is an independent democrat in politics, and is a member of the Roman Catholic church at Mackville. He was married July 18, 1898, to Miss Theresa Stoffel, who was born in Grand Chute township, June 21, 1878, daughter of Joseph and Anna (Pfeifer) Stoffel, natives of Bavaria, the former being born in 1832 and the latter in 1855. Mr. Stoffel came to Outagamie county in the early '50s, buying a, farm in Grand Chute township, where he continued to live until his death in 1893. By a former marriage he had five children, and to this union with Anna Pfeifer there were born two children: Mrs. McCarthy, and Bertha, the wife of Michael Myers, a restaurant proprietor of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. McCarthy have had seven children, as follows: Marie, born September 8, 1899, who died in infancy; Loretta, born May 23, 1900; Kathryn, born August 22, 1902; Florence Elizabeth, born August 15, 1904; Mabel Margaret, born September 28, 1906; Josephine Louisa, born November 25, 1908, and Michael Stephen John, born February 28, 1911. Mr. McCarthy is a member of the Holstein-Fresian Breeders' Association, and is well known among stock men in Outagamie county.

WILLIAM FOCKEL, who is engaged in farming and stockraising operations on section 5, in the town of Seymour, is one of the practical agriculturists of Outagamie county. He is a native of Upper Canada, born July 22, 1852, a son of John and Elizabeth (Nau) Fockel, natives of Germany who were married in Canada. John Fockel was a shoemaker by trade and followed that occupation in Milwaukee, whence he had come from Germany, but secured better employment in Upper Canada, where he resided for some years, then returning to near New London, Outagamie county, where he was an early settler. He followed shoemaking there for a short period and then went to Young's Corners and later to Stephensville, and in 1871 located in the town of Seymour and purchased eighty acres of wild land on which he erected a log cabin and log stable. After a time, he removed to Black Creek, Wisconsin, where he followed his trade for several years, but eventually returned to Seymour, where he was engaged in shoemaking up to the time of his death, in about 1891, when he had reached the age of sixty years. Mrs. Fockel passed away in 1907, aged seventy-five years. Five of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Fockel grew to maturity, namely: William, Mary, Betsy, Tillie and Charles.